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ID 40ResidentialDesignDrafting DimensioningFireplace DesignProject Phases: You have now taken a design project throughthe initial phases: Client interview Proposal (Scope of Services) Programming Initial product research, costing and estimating. Concept/Schematic Design Adjacency studies, bubble diagrams, furnitureplanning. Design Development Fine-tune preliminary approach and selections.Phase Seven:Design Documentation The project is now ready to enter theconstruction phase and completion. Design Documentation involves: Preparing detailed drawings. Compilation and review of drawings andspecifications provided by others. Verifying code compliance. Specifying finish materials. Ordering furnishings. Preparing production schedules/time-lines.Design Documentation: You must provide a full set of drafted documents to thecontractor. A bound plan set must include: Floorplan/Construction Plan Electrical, Lighting, Ceiling Plan (or any combination). Finish Plan and Finish schedule Elevations Furniture Plan The approach and organization is up to you. Plan sets may be hand-drafted or produced on CAD.Drafting Basics: The built environment must be represented in a way thatis accessible and measurable. Scale selection is based on many factors: Size of the vellum. Industry expectations. Level of detail required. Residential projects are typically drawn in 1/4” scale. Commercial projects are much larger and must be shownin 1/8” to 1/16” scale.The “Cutting Plane”: Observing the built environment from a “bird’seye view” is the basic premise of drafting. Using an imaginary cutting plane, we slice thespace at 4’ - 0” a.f.f. and throw the roof away. Looking down on the space, we visualize all theremaining elements in what’s called: Plan ViewPlan View: There are many names describing the firstsheet in a bound set of documents: Floorplan As-built Plan Construction Plan Demolition Plan Each name assigns a specific purpose to theinitial plan view.Line Weights: We draft with a series of lines that vary inthickness or weight. Every line weight carries its own meaningand creates the visual language of adrawing. There are 4 basic line weights: Profile Primary Secondary GridCut elements and Line Weights: Profile lines are used to draft all theelements that have been “cut” when wesliced through the space. These lines are thick, dense and typicallydrafted with an “HB” lead. Consistent quality is very important. Since the graphite smears easily, you maywant to add these lines at the very end...Primary Weight Lines: Similar to the profile line, Primary lines are also thickand dense, (but the point of the lead is less blunt). Primary lines are used to represent elements belowthe imaginary 4’ - 0” cut line. These lines are also used when profile lines wouldbe too thick to adequately represent the image. Glass thickness within windows Door thicknessSecondary lines: Secondary lines represent all the non-architectural elements on a plan. Built-in cabinetry Furniture Elevation details Typically drafted with “H” lead, these linesare crisp and sharp. Secondary line weight is also used for alldashed lines.Grid weight: Grid lines are used for: Dimensioning Leader lines Door swings Rendering texture and design details Using a sharply pointed “2H” or “4H” leadhelps produce these fine lines. Line quality is very important. These linesmust be visible when reproduced.Dashed Lines: Dashed lines have symbolic meaning ondrafted documents. Long Dashes = Elements above the cutting plane: (Uppercabinets, skylights, shelving in closets, etc.) Short Dashes = Elements blow the cutting plane, andhidden elements: (Flooring changes, shelves w/incabinetry, etc. Dashed lines are drafted in secondary weight.Drafting Review: Revisit your course materials from ID.15,and review your knowledge of draftingbasics. Read the hand-outs given today and fullyunderstand the proper use of line weights,poche techniques, and dimensioning. Ask questions to review any concepts thatmay be a little “rusty”….Dimensioning: Dimensioning is the most important aspect of a drafteddocument. Manual drafting is done by hand. There is always a margin oferror. By dimensioning a plan, we call out the specificmeasurements to be used in the construction process. A contractor should never scale from a plan. He will buildfrom the dimensions you provide. Dimensions must be easily understood and accurate.Dimension Strings: There are 3 levels of detail provided throughdimensioning. First String = Openings Second String = Wall changes Third String = Overall length and width Centerline symbols are used to visually indicatethe spatial centering of objects.First String Information: First string dimensions describe thelocation of openings (windows and doors): New construction is dimensioned to the center of theopening. The centerline symbol is used as the extension linefor the dimension string. The dimension line is placed about 1/2”from the drafted walls of the plan. Dimension text is written in 1/8” numerals.Dimensioning Doors: To dimension interior door openings,we use a different method. These dimensions refer to the framework of theopening. Do not include trim. Using 1/8” text, the size of each door isplaced within the opening itself. The width of the opening is recorded first. The height of the opening is recorded next.Other key facts: Use a centerline to indicate an opening clearlycentered within a wall space. Code requires a minimum clearance of 3” fromthe opening to the nearest wall. Include a 2” threshold at all exterior doors. Drawn on the exterior side of the door. Also shown at the interior door of the garage. Closet doors are not dimensioned. Instead youwill provide information re: the wall location.AdditionalConsiderations: An industry standard door is 3’ wide by 6’ high. However…not every interior door fits this profile.Select which size is appropriate to your needs: Bedrooms and baths = 2’- 8” Water heater closets, utility rooms = 2’- 6” to 2’- 4” Always draft the door in it’s fully open position. Use primary lines to draft the door thickness.


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WVC ID 40 - Drafting

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