1 Pests are social products a Monocropping b Introduced exotic species c Pesticides d Habitat destruction i loss on native species including natural predators ii ECOLOGICAL SIMPLIFICATION e urbanization post nomadic civilization 2 Monocropping a If pests and crops coevolve and there is one crop in superabundance you are likely to have one pest in superabundance b If natural predators depend on plants removed in the process of monocropping their populations fall and pests populations increase c POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS i rotational controls two cycle monocropping ii plant attractant plant species to draw pests from primary crop iii i and ii are kinds of IPM 3 Introduced exotic species a Gypsy moth i sort of accidently introduced ii historical significance lies in the dynamic regulatory response 1 manual physical removal 2 Paris green French copper based insecticide 3 highway quarantine 4 first eminent domain law 5 first international plant quarantine regulations b Vancouver struggle around Bt i One species from Russia via ships one species from Eastern NA via wood products 1 globalization is likely to increase this kind of problem ii Eradication is necessary because of provincial dependence on forest product trade and FPT is dependent on no gypsy moths iii Folks don t trust gov t scientists when it comes to pesticides iv Gov t has to learn to change its receptivity to questions and concerns from the public c introduced species can lead to the search for and introduction of exotic natural predators and ENP can become or generate new pest themselves d they are plants as much as insects and are likely to be weeds as well as pests 4 Pesticides a 1900 1945 at the chemical level the bases were boric acid sulfurbased chemicals plant breeding for resistance more of it is natural predators rotational controls and what we now call IPM b DDT and other organophos phates are the first major broadspectrum pesticides c Bioaccumation up the foodchain making the world toxic for far more than the original pest d we also need to take into account the environmental half life and acute or chronic toxicity of the chemicals we apply e RESISTANCE f pesticides take out natural predators that used to control an insects population i lower populations nat preds are generally more susceptible ii secondary pest outbreaks 5 urbanization a structural pest control and ITS dominance by pesticide eradication ideologies and applications b we want that icky bug out now Oh and by the way we want ALL of them dead Mr ORKIN man see you next time c Once this program is initiated structural pest control industries make a lot of money d The whole thing is penny wise and pound foolish i Structural adaptation of houses etc costs more at the start but saves tons in the long run ii There are also the costs to childrens and pet health to take into account iii A lot of this is simply about our lifestyles iv As with IPM there s a difference between aesthetic injury and real health risks in the IPM context is called economic damage v Given the IBT scandal we really don t know whether or not many of the chemicals are safe at legal levels of application 1 we don t apply these things according to label instructions 2 how much how often where precautions 6 Pests vs Weeds a Pests according to Winston i florae or fauna with which we compete for resources ii Examples 1 gypsy moth eat trees 2 cockroaches steal food allergies 3 rats disease vectors 4 pigeons disease vectors b Weeds according to Winston i anything and everything that isn t where you d want 1 crab grass dandelions 2 st johns wort 3 geese 4 coyotes 5 airports a bird plane accidents b airports almost always placed marshes c urban rural planning might want to take these things into account in zoning development meetings 7 Unreviewed a Material on GMOs which are pretty well covered on the powerpoint presentation already linked to the syllabus b Also I pointed out that it is worth knowing the ways Winston and I see these things differently grounded in the differences between his bio environmentalist approach and my sociology of environment approach