MAN 320F Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I Martha Case Study Outline of Current Lecture I Work Group and Teams II Why Teams III Basic Group Concepts Roles IV Norms V The Hawthorne Studies VI Status Group Concept VII Cohesiveness VIII Conformity IX Asch Study X Size XI Composition XII Sports Teams Analogy XIII Task Vs Interpersonal Conflict Current Lecture I Work Group and Teams These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Group with complementary skills Committed to common mission Performance goals Accountability II Why Teams Because they are really good at performing complicated complex work Generally outperform individuals on tasks requiring many skills judgment and experience better utilization of employee talents more flexible and responsible to change with new opportunities opening up hard to move a dept or company in an entirely new direction facilitate employee participation in decision making they are known to increase employee motivation they like working towards a same common goal find higher loyalty among teams if you work for big corporationlike Dell you prob wont meet Michael Dell so you wont be loyal to him but you will be loyal to your team a more effective loyal teams produce long term performance III Basic Group Concepts Roles one of the most prominent elements of GROUPS is the role people play this role can change depending on what group you are in leader participant etc we all have different role we play in a group to engage in a set of expected behavior patterns that are attributed to occupying a given position in a social unit expectations based on those roles employee manager taks force group leader Stanford Prisoner experiment took a group of students divided them into half prisoners and guards took them to isolated building set up experiment to run for 2 weeks to see how will people react when assigned to a given role guards became very aggressive what you would expect from a guard difficult on prisoners prisoners took on expected role became submissive and very tassive and over a couple of days things got out of control prisoners were at point where they were being abused never stood up for themselves a had to cancel experiment early on IV Norms acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are adopted and shared by the group s members The Hawthorne Studies a series at Western Electric Company s Hawthorne Works Chicago b examined relation between the physical environment and productivity c looking for things to improve productivity in this plant V The Hawthorne Studies Day 1 tested lights a turned up the lights b productivity increased Day 2 turned up lights more c productivity increased more Day 3 turned up lights even more d even more productivity Day 4 as bright as possible e productivity shot through the roof researchers thought they saw relation VI Status Group Concept a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others person with highest status can fire hire has tremendous amount of influence over what happens with that particular group What Determines Status a the power a person wields VII Cohesiveness the degree to members in a group are a attracted to each other b trust each other c and motivated to stay in the group its really how they stick together even when things are going well VIII Conformity members desire to be on of the group and avoid being visibly different members with differing opinions feel extensive pressure to align with others level of conformity in US has declined stronger in collectivistic cultures studies have been done IX Asch Study they brought in group of individuals and asked which line looks closest to the length of line X brought in 20 people told first 10 answer C on purpose obviously not true C is short the last 10 wouldn t want to stand out so just said line C X Size what is the size how big is it smaller groups are faster at completing tasks smaller they are more efficient they are large groups are consistently better at problem solving increases in group size inversely related to individual performance Social Loafing larger the group tendency to expend less effort in group than as an individual I will get the same grade as everyone so I will let them do it XI Composition How is group created elements of the group greater diversity promotes conflict maybe less efficient but more effective which stimulates creativity which leads to improved decision making XII Sports Teams Analogy Sports Tams are Good Models for Workplace Teams successful teams integrate cooperation and competition needs to be a healthy balance sports teams with the best win loss record had coaches managers who promoted a strong spirit of cooperation and a high level of healthy competition among their players Successful teams score early wins Early successes build teammates faith in themselves and their capacity as a team research on hockey teams of equal ability found 72 percent of the time the team ahead at the first period went on to win so managers should provide teams with early tasks that are simple and provide easy wins you want an early win to boost team morale you want that in work environment too Successful teams avoid losing teams A couple of failures can lead to a downward spiral if a team becomes demoralized managers need to instill confidence in team members that they can trun Practice makes perfect Successful teams execute on game day but learn from mistakes in practice practice should be used to try new thing sand fail a wise manger encourages work teams to experiment and learn Successful teams use half time breaks The best coaches in basketball and football use half time during a game to reassess what is working and what isn t managers of work teams should build in assessments in a team project to evaluate what it can do to improve Winning teams have a stable membership stability improves performance studies of professional basketball found that when teammates have more time together the more able they are to anticipate one another s moves and the clearer they are about one another s roles Successful teams debrief after failures and successes the best sports teams study the game video similarly work teams should routinely assess their successes and failures and should learn from them All sport teams aren t alike in baseball there is little interaction among teammates Work teams are more