PowerPoint PresentationSlide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35Slide 36Makin’ Hole: The Drilling of Oil WellsI. Drilling rigsII. Drilling mechanismsIII. Drilling mudIV. The well below the drilling floorV. Normal drilling operationsVI. Directions of drillingVII. Bad things that happen to wellsVIII. Fates of wellsIX. Geoscience information from wellsUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyIX. Geoscience information from wells Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger) Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted). CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulationSide-wall cores Small samplesLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD) Wireline logsDrill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failureProduction testsVelocity surveysBottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulationUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyIX. Geoscience information from wells Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger) Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted). CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulationSide-wall cores Small samplesLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD) Wireline logsDrill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failureProduction testsVelocity surveysBottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulationUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyIX. Geoscience information from wells Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger) Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted). CuttingsSubject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulationSide-wall cores Small samplesLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD) Wireline logsDrill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failureProduction testsVelocity surveysBottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulationUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyIX. Geoscience information from wells Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger) Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted). Cuttings (pieces of rock generated by bit and flushed up hole).Subject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulationSide-wall cores Small samplesLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD) Wireline logsDrill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failureProduction testsVelocity surveysBottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulationUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyIX. Geoscience information from wells Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger) Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing, hopefully as noted). Cuttings (pieces of rock generated by bit and flushed up hole).Subject to frequency of samplingSubject to contamination from previously-drilled strata (“cave”)Logged both as actual arrivals and as inferred lithology drilled Shows (emissions of gas as measured by detectors, and oiled-stained cuttings at detected by fluorescence in UV)Cores Tripping in and out; lessened circulationSide-wall cores Small samplesLogging while drilling (LWD) (and logging while tripping)Measurement while drilling (MWD) Wireline logsDrill stem tests (DSTs) Packer failureProduction testsVelocity surveysBottom-hole temperatures (BHTs) Time since circulationUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyUniversity of Georgia Department of Geology GEOL 4320/6320 Petroleum GeologyIX. Geoscience information from wells Information on mud logs (mud log = record of what comes up with drilling mud, produced by a person called a mud logger) Rate of penetration or drill-time logDrilling breaks: rapid increases in rate of penetration, commonly as the result of increased porosity (but new bits cause the same thing,