Unit 5 Texas Executive System1Texas Executive BranchTexas Executive System2Models of Executive OrganizationIntegrated or Centralized SystemStaff of AgencyAssociate DirectorsAgency DirectorGovernorCEO controls1. Personnel2. Budget3. PolicyTexas Executive System3Models of Executive OrganizationUnintegrated (decentralized) SystemFirst ModelAgency StaffDepartment HeadVotersDept Heads Control1. Personnel2. Budget3. PolicyUnit 5 Texas Executive System2Texas Executive System4Models of Executive OrganizationUnintegrated ModelBoard/CommissionSecond ModelCheif Executive OfficerBoard/CommissionVoters or GovernorBoard Responsible for1. Personnel (executives)2. Budget Approval3. Policy ApprovalTexas Executive System5Functions of Executive Branch• Administration of laws• Elaboration of laws (policy making)• Political leadership (policy initiation)• Clemency (pardons, reprieves, commutations, paroles)• Symbolic and ceremonial Texas Executive System6Texas GovernorConstitutional Qualifications • 30 years of age• U.S. Citizen• Resident of Texas for 5 yearsCompensation• $115,345/ year• Housing• TransportationUnit 5 Texas Executive System3Texas Executive System7Texas GovernorClassification of powers• Legislative• Veto, Special Sessions, Address Legislature, Declare legislative emergencies• Judicial (Clemency powers)-pardons, reprieves, stays of executions• Executive• Appointment/Removal• Budgetary• Directory/supervisory• Military/ Law EnforcementTexas Executive System8Governor’s Executive PowersAppointment power- appoints all positions to agencies, boards, etc. not otherwise provided for by law• Limits on appointment power• Staggered terms• Senatorial courtesy/ Senate approval• Non-salaried nature of most jobs• Interest group pressure• Removal powers- limited to persons appointed by Governor, 2/3 Senate approval requiredTexas Executive System9Governor’s Executive PowersBudget powers• Budget proposal• Item veto• Budget execution authority- limited and only upon recommendation by LBBUnit 5 Texas Executive System4Texas Executive System10Governor’s Executive PowersMilitary• Appoints Adjutant General• May order mobilization of National Guard for natural disasters/ peace keepingLaw Enforcement• Appoints Public Safety Board• May direct Texas Rangers to take actionTexas Executive System11Governor’s Judicial Powers• Appoints Board of Pardons and Paroles• May issue one 120 day stay of execution• May, upon recommendation of Board of Pardons and Paroles, issue• Pardons- full, conditional• Commutations of sentence (reductions)Texas Executive System12Governor’s Staff• Currently (2007-2009 budget) authorized staff of 137 positions• Major responsibilities of staff (sample)• Appointments• Budget & Planning• Criminal Justice Grants• Disability Committee• Film Commission• State Grants Monitoring• Emergency Management• Communications (public relations)• Legislative OfficeUnit 5 Texas Executive System5Texas Executive System13The Plural ExecutiveAgencies Independent of the GovernorConstitutionally established officesStatutorily established officesTexas Executive System14Established in ConstitutionConstitutional Agencies headed by elected officials• Governor• Lt. Governor• Attorney General• Comptroller of Public Accounts• Commissioner of General Land OfficeTexas Executive System15Statutory Agencies (headed by elected executive)Statutory Officials Elected State-wide• Commissioner of Agriculture (elected for 4 year term)Unit 5 Texas Executive System6Texas Executive System16Attorney General• State’s chief legal officer in civil cases• Represents state in legal actions• Enforces state anti-trust and consumer protection laws• Issues opinions on legal questions• Collects child support where counties have been unable to do so.• Administers victims assistance grants programTexas Executive System17Comptroller of Public Accounts• Tax collections• Budget estimates• Custodian of MOST state funds• Pays state billsTexas Executive System18State Land Commissioner• Responsible for supervising all state owned lands• Administers Veteran’s Land Fund• Prepares and administers Coastal Zone Management PlanUnit 5 Texas Executive System7Texas Executive System19Department of Agriculture• Implements laws regulating agricultural sector of economy not covered by Federal Laws• Consumer protection (weights and measures, packaging and labeling• Marketing programs for Texas Agricultural productsTexas Executive System20Texas Railroad Commission• Regulation of INTRASTATE railroad transportation• Regulation of mining and extractive industries• Regulation of intrastate road transport• Regulation of pipelinesTexas Executive System21State Board of Education• Recommends the Commissioner of Education to the Governor• Manages the investments of the Permanent School Fund• Oversees the Texas public education system consistent with the provisions of the Texas Education CodeUnit 5 Texas Executive System8Texas Executive System22Structure of Texas ExecutiveOfficials appointed by Governor• Secretary of State (Constitutional Office)• Adjutant General• Commissioner of Insurance• Director, Housing and Community Affairs (employed by Board, approved by Governor)• Commissioner of Education (recommended by State Board of Ed, appt by Governor)• Director, Texas Department of HealthTexas Executive System23Secretary of State• Chief Election Official of State• Grants charters to corporations• Processes extradition requestsTexas Executive System24Structure of Texas ExecutiveAgencies headed by Elected Boards• Texas Railroad Commission• 3 members elected state-wide• 6 year overlapping terms• receives salary of $ (Depends on Legislature)• State Board of Education• 15 members elected from districts• 4 year overlapping terms• no salaryUnit 5 Texas Executive System9The Texas BureaucracyTexas Executive System26Typical State Agency in TexasBoard Characteristics• Number of members divisible by 3•6 year overlapping terms•Part-time service, no salaryBoard/Commission|Chief Executive Officer|StaffTexas Executive System27Functional Types of Agencies• Administrative- primarily carries out law established by