WWWWWW HistorySlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7WWW History *Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11WWW History – First Browser (Mosaic)Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16WWW ArchitectureSlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 2211WWWWWW(some definitions)(some definitions)The World Wide Web is an architectural The World Wide Web is an architectural framework for accessing linked documents framework for accessing linked documents spread over thousands of machines all over the spread over thousands of machines all over the Internet.Internet.World Wide Web - the collection of computers World Wide Web - the collection of computers connected to the Internet consisting of servers connected to the Internet consisting of servers providing Web-based services and clients using providing Web-based services and clients using these services.these services.22WWW HistoryWWW History1945 – Vannevar Bush1945 – Vannevar BushVannevar Bush writes Vannevar Bush writes an articlean article, “As We , “As We May Think”,May Think”, in in Atlantic MonthlyAtlantic Monthly about a about a photo-electrical-mechanical device called photo-electrical-mechanical device called a Memex, for memory extension, which a Memex, for memory extension, which could make and follow links between could make and follow links between documents on microfichedocuments on microfiche..33WWW HistoryWWW History1945 – Vannevar Bush1945 – Vannevar Bush““When data of any sort are placed in When data of any sort are placed in storage, they are filed alphabetically or storage, they are filed alphabetically or numerically, and information is found…by numerically, and information is found…by tracing it down from subclass to subclass. tracing it down from subclass to subclass. It can be in only one place, unless It can be in only one place, unless duplicates are used…Having found one duplicates are used…Having found one item, moreover, one has to emerge from item, moreover, one has to emerge from the system and re-enter on a new path.”the system and re-enter on a new path.”44WWW HistoryWWW History1945 – Vannevar Bush1945 – Vannevar Bush““The human mind does not work that way. It The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association. With one item in its operates by association. With one item in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain.”carried by the cells of the brain.”55WWW HistoryWWW History1965 – Ted Nelson1965 – Ted Nelson•Coined the term “hypertext”Coined the term “hypertext”•““Xanadu”: Nelson’s “docuverse”Xanadu”: Nelson’s “docuverse”““A File Structure for the Complex, the A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate.” 20th Changing, and the Indeterminate.” 20th National Conference, New York, National Conference, New York, Association for Computing Machinery, Association for Computing Machinery, 1965. 1965.66WWW HistoryWWW History1965 – Doug Engelbart’s NLS1965 – Doug Engelbart’s NLS•NLS (online system)NLS (online system)•1968: Mouse-based text editing1968: Mouse-based text editing•1968: Multiple text windows 1968: Multiple text windows •1970: “NLS Journal” first online magazine1970: “NLS Journal” first online magazine77WWW HistoryWWW History1966: Engelbart’s Workstation88WWW History *WWW History *19891989•The initial proposal for a web of linked The initial proposal for a web of linked documents came from CERN (European documents came from CERN (European center for nuclear research) physicist center for nuclear research) physicist Tim Berners-LeeTim Berners-Lee in March 1989in March 1989•"Information Management: A Proposal" "Information Management: A Proposal" written by Tim BL and circulated for written by Tim BL and circulated for comments at CERNcomments at CERN99WWW HistoryWWW History1990 – Tim Berners-Lee1990 – Tim Berners-Lee•““This proposal concerns the management of This proposal concerns the management of general information about accelerators and general information about accelerators and experiments at CERN. It discusses the problems experiments at CERN. It discusses the problems of loss of information about complex evolving of loss of information about complex evolving systems and derives a solution based on a systems and derives a solution based on a distributed hypertext system.”distributed hypertext system.”1010WWW HistoryWWW History19911991•The first (text-based) prototype was The first (text-based) prototype was operational 18 months later. operational 18 months later. •In December 1991 a public In December 1991 a public demonstration was given at the demonstration was given at the Hypertext ’91 conference in San Hypertext ’91 conference in San Antonio, Texas.Antonio, Texas.1111WWW HistoryWWW History19931993•Development continued during the Development continued during the next year, culminating the release of next year, culminating the release of the first graphical interface, Mosaic, the first graphical interface, Mosaic, in February 1993. in February 1993.1212WWW History – First Browser WWW History – First Browser (Mosaic)(Mosaic)1313WWW HistoryWWW History19941994•Mosaic was so popular that an year later, Mosaic was so popular that an year later, its author, Marc Andreessen left the its author, Marc Andreessen left the National Center for Supercomputing National Center for Supercomputing Applications, where Mosaic was Applications, where Mosaic was developed, to form Netscape developed, to form Netscape Communications Corp. (whose goal was to Communications Corp. (whose goal was to develop clients, servers and other Web develop clients, servers and other Web software)software)In 1995 In 1995 •when Netscape went public, investors paid when Netscape went public, investors paid 1.5 billion for the stock1.5 billion for the stock1414WWW HistoryWWW History19941994•CERN and M.I.T signed an agreement CERN and M.I.T signed an agreement setting up the WWW consortium (further setting up the WWW consortium (further developing the web, standardizing developing the web, standardizing protocols)protocols)•MIT runs the U.S. part. The European part