Unit I Physical & Social SettingTexas Government1The Social Environment of Texas Politics• Population• Race/Ethnic•Economic•EconomicKey Points• Texas population has increased significantly• Migration and Natural Increase are about equal• Texas is now the second most populated statepp• Texas population is predominately urban• Population is not distributed evenly• Growth has be mostly in the urban corridors• Rural areas and west Texas have lost populationTexas Population Growth1870-2010Texas Population Growth• http://txsdc.utsa.edu/Geography/Thematic/Maps.aspx?id=popgrowthProjected Population Growth in Texas, 2000-2040Source: Texas State Data Center 2008 Population Projections Ye ar5Unit I Physical & Social SettingTexas Government2Percent ChangeDue toYear*PopulationNumericalChangeNaturalIncreaseNetMigrationPercentChangeNaturalIncreaseNetMigration1950 7,711,194 -- -- -- -- -- --1960 9,579,677 1,868,483 1,754,652 113,831 24.2 93.91 6.09Total Population and Components of Population Change in Texas, 1950-20091970 11,196,730 1,617,053 1,402,683 214,370 16.9 86.74 13.261980 14,229,191 3,032,461 1,260,794 1,771,667 27.1 41.58 58.421990 16,986,510 2,757,319 1,815,670 941,649 19.9 65.85 34.152000 20,851,820 3,865,310 1,919,281 1,946,029 22.8 49.65 50.352009 24,782,302 3,930,484 2,124,124 1,781,785 18.8 54.04 45.33* All values for the decennial dates are for the indicated census year. Values for 2009 is for July 1 as estimated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Source: Derived from U.S. Bureau of the Census Estimates for dates indicated by the Texas State Data Center, University of Texas at San Antonio.Note: Residual values are not presented in this table.7Texas Urban Population,1850-2000* Data for 2010 not available60%70%80%90%100%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%18501860187018801890190019101920193019401950196019701980199020002010Total Population by County, 201082 - 10,00010,001 - 50,00050,001 - 100,001100,001 - 500,001500,001 - 1,000,0001,000,001 - 4,100,0009Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Census CountsChange of the Total Population by County, 2000 to 2010-3,200 - 01 - 10,00010,001 - 50,00050,001 - 100,000100,001 - 700,00010Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2000 and 2010 Census CountsPercent Change of Total Population in Texas Counties, 2000-2010-20%-0%1%-10%10.1-25%25.1%-50%50.1%-82%11Population increase for Texas was 20.6%during this periodSource: U.S. Census Bureau. 2000 and 2010 Census CountsOrigins of Texas Population• Native Americans– Few today, but their legacy is substantial– Caddo– Only three tribes on reservations in Texas• Alabama-CoushattaKi k•Kickapoo•Tigua– Controversy over gambling• Hispanics– Spanish colonization • Four institutions: the mission, the presidio, the rancho, towns and civilian settlements– Many cultural norms and legal traditions are their legacy.– Mexican colonization relatively limited until 1890 and 1910– 2005 Hispanics have political cloutUnit I Physical & Social SettingTexas Government3Roots: Anglo-Americans• Anglos (Non-Hispanic whites)– Early settlement in 1815-1836 mostly southerners from TN, KY, AR, and NC–Migration from south after Civil War– Migration from mid-west and north-east during era from Depression to mid-1960s– Anglos dominated politics and government in TX since its independence from Mexico in 1836Roots: African- Americans• African Americans– Inhabited Texas since Spanish rule –Mexican government opposed slaveryMexican government opposed slavery– When slavery legalized population increased but was halted by the Civil War– Out-migration from rural to urban areas due to agricultural and economic changesRoots: Asian-Americans• Asian Americans– First permanent Asian residents probably Chinese immigrants working for the railroad– Japanese colonization in 1903–Vietnamese came due to Vietnam War in 1970s• Anglos– Non-Hispanic whites– Early settlement in 1815-1836 mostly southerners from TN, KY, AR, and NC– Anglos dominated politics and government in TX since its independence from Mexico in 1836Analyzing the Population• Most significant growth has been among racial/ethnic minorities, especially Hispanic•Hispanic population is currentlyHispanic population is currently– Younger– Less well educated– Less economically well offTexas Racial and Ethnic Composition, 2000 and 2010NH White45%Hispanic or Latino38%201045%NH Black11%NH Other6%Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2000 and 2010 Census count 40%50%60%70%AngloProjected Racial and Ethnic Percent, Texas, 2000-20400%10%20%30%200020022004200620082010201220142016201820202022202420262028203020322034203620382040gBlackHispanicOtherSource: Texas State Data Center 2008 Population Projections , 2000-2007 Migration Scenario18Unit I Physical & Social SettingTexas Government455-59 yrs60-64 yrs65-69 yrs70-74 yrs75-79 yrs80-84 yrs85+ yrsAnglo Male Anlgo FemaleProjected Texas Population Pyramids by Race/Ethnicity, 201055-59 yrs60-64 yrs65-69 yrs70-74 yrs75-79 yrs80-84 yrs85+ yrsHispanic Male Black Male Other MaleHispanic Female Black Female Other Female19800000 400000 0 400000 8000000-4 yrs5-9 yrs10-14 yrs15-19 yrs20-24 yrs25-29 yrs30-34 yrs35-39 yrs40-44 yrs45-49 yrs50-54 yrs5559 yrsSource: Texas State Data Center Population Projections, 2009800000 400000 0 400000 8000000-4 yrs5-9 yrs10-14 yrs15-19 yrs20-24 yrs25-29 yrs30-34 yrs35-39 yrs40-44 yrs45-49 yrs50-54 yrsEducational attainment of persons 25+ years of age by ethnicity, Texas, 200922Source: American Community Survey, 2009Economic Activity in TexasEras of Dominant Economic Activity• 1820 - 1865 Cotton/Subsistence Farming• 1865 - 1901 Cattle/Cotton/Grain•19011920Oil production•1901 -1920Oil production• 1920 - 1980s Refining/petrochemicalsrelated manufacturing• 1980s- pres Electronics/biomedical(high tech)Unit I Physical & Social SettingTexas Government5Gross State Product Rankings,2003(in millions of $)• US 10,991,103 % –California 1,446,430 13.3– New York 821,667 7.5– Texas 813,112 7.5– Florida 550,005 5.0– Illinois 499,466 4.8– Pennsylvania 449,947 4.1Primary vs SecondaryEconomic Activity• Primary economic activity- earns $ from other areas• Secondary economic activity- circulates $ within the defined areaTexas Gross State ProductEst for 2004 (in million $)• Agriculture 11,024• Mining 52,256• Manufacturing 92,201•Transportation & Utilities89,222Transportation & Utilities89,222• Wholesale & Retail Trade 138,549• Finance,Insurance, Real Estate