Objectives Review the format and expectations for the final exam Review material needed to succeed on the final exam Set the material from the course in the context of the product realization process Answer questions 16 881 MIT Importance of the Final The course grade is determined by 40 term project 30 final exam 20 homework 10 quizzes Balance Dominates The final shows how you ve learned over time Did the home works and quizzes stick 16 881 MIT Format of the Final Exam 4 essay questions 10 each 20 short answer questions 3 each Which means its 40 Essay 60 Short answer 2 Hours I d suggest 10 minutes per essay 3 minutes per short answer 20 minute buffer review 16 881 MIT Final Exam Rules Open book Open notes Solutions to homework quizzes OK Calculators probably helpful Laptop computers fine but not needed 16 881 MIT Essay Questions Emphasize the big picture and concepts Composed of several inter related questions Example What is a scaling factor What are the properties of a good scaling factor Provide an example of a scaling factor If you found that there was no control factor with the desired properties what would you do Tell me anything you know about scaling factors that you consider essential to practicing robust design 16 881 MIT Expectations on Essay Questions Answer the questions Make your responses concise About 3 sentences per question if possible Make the answer complete but avoid a shot gun approach Points will be deducted for imprecise statements Examples should have engineering relevance Examples should preferably be from some area you know from experience rather than from a text 16 881 MIT Short Answers Fairly similar to quizzes in format difficulty and sometimes in content No multiple choice or true false Usually come in clusters of 3 5 Relate to a scenario data table graphs Usually have a right answer Often require estimation 16 881 MIT Expectations on Short Answers Right answer 10 gets you full credit So simplify and estimate when appropriate Right procedure gets you 2 3 credit So show your work if you have time A reasonable attempt gets you 1 3 credit So explain your assumptions 16 881 MIT Short Answer Example The data below represent the results from an L8 27 The fifth and sixth columns were left Factors unassigned Exp no A B Control C D e e F 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 2 14 18 19 10 18 12 13 19 What is the factor effect f1 Estimate the sum of squares due to the mean You wish to study interaction between control factors A and D and also between factors F and B Will this design allow you to determine the effect MIT 16 881 of these two interactions What is Fair Game Any concept or technique described in Phadke Any material in the lecture notes Any material in quizzes home works Questions requiring original thought on subtle topics not explicitly discussed in class 16 881 MIT High Probability Topics Ideal function Noise factors control factors signal factors responses Design for additivity Interaction plots Selection of appropriate OAs Dummy levels 16 881 MIT High Probability Topics Orthogonality The balancing property Estimating variance of responses Quality loss functions ANOVA Taguchi style ANOM Design of dynamic systems 16 881 MIT High Probability Topics Compounding factors Noise strategies System integration RD Counting DOF of a system Selecting an OA to suit a scenario Studying interactions in OAs Tolerance design insofar Phadke covers it 16 881 MIT High Probability Topics Failure modes RD Confirmation experiments Column merging Factor effect plots The additive model Prediction based on the additive model Sliding levels 16 881 MIT High Probability Topics Pooling and F ratios Choosing a proper S N ratio Interpreting S N ratios Making engineering and economic judgements based on data Selecting quality characteristics Selecting control factors 16 881 MIT Proactive Problem Solving Example Essay You are the manager of a new product development program 75 of the technology in the product is established and 25 is being fielded for the first time What techniques from this class would you apply At what stages would you apply them How would your efforts differ between the new technology and the established technology 16 881 MIT Robust Design and Failure Modes Example Essay When variance in a quality characteristic is too large describe how adjustment of the mean can lead to chasing the problem from one failure mode to another and often back again Give an example of this phenomenon from an engineering context If your product has multiple quality characteristics how does this impact this phenomenon How can the architecture of the system aggravate or ameliorate this problem 16 881 MIT Noise Factors Example Short Answer Group Air Shock Absorber h and D vary by 1 Estimate the ratio of the contribution of h and D2 to variance in t Estimate the ratio of t to t F t h 16 881 hD D2 3 1 2 2 F D1 D2 MIT System Integration Sample Essay Describe how lack of robustness in subsystems can lead to difficulties in system integration Give an example of a system integration problem due to lack of robustness If a robust design effort reduces the variance in all the subsystems how will this effect the variance of the system How is this effect a function of system scale and system architecture 16 881 MIT Noise Strategy Sample Essay What is a compound noise factor When would you use a compound noise factor What is an outer orthogonal array Compare the strategies of compounding noise factors with employing an outer array of noise with regard to Its effect on selection of control factor levels Tolerance design decisions Decision to field or not to field the system Discuss any alternate noise strategies you might consider 16 881 MIT Parameter Design Example Problem Given Description of engineering scenario Control factors and levels Questions Which signal to noise ratio would you use How many experiments are required What is the smallest experiment that will allow you to resolve the main effects What is the gain in experimental efficiency by switching from one factor at a time to orthogonal array based experiments It is likely that there is a significant interaction between A and B How will you ensure that your experimental plan can resolve this interaction effect 16 881 MIT Next Steps Final exam 8AM Sharp 10AM First off campus session 3 03 4 55 Each student may resubmit up to three quizzes and or