DOC PREVIEW
SUNY Cortland EXS 387 - Kinematic Concepts

This preview shows page 1-2-3 out of 10 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 10 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 10 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 10 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 10 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

1EXS 387 - BiomechanicsDr. MoranTuesday January 30, 2007Spring 2007Kinematic Conceptsfor analyzing human motionEXS 387 2Lecture Objectives• Identify differences between linear, angular and general forms of motion• Review anatomical planes and axes of human body• Instrumentation of kinematic principles2EXS 387 3What do we remember?• At the instant of take-off, a long jumper has a forward velocity of 9.47 m/sec and a vertical velocity of 3.21 m/sec. Find the angle of take-off (relative to the horizontal) and the magnitude of the resultant velocity vector.EXS 387 4Introduction to Kinematics• Def: “Kinematics is not concerned with the forces, either internal or external, that cause the movement, but rather with the details of the movement itself” Winter (1990)• Marey, French Physiologist (1885): • Muybridge (~1885):http://www.biomed.drexel.edu/labs/biomechanics/default.cfm3EXS 387 5Forms of Motion• Most human motion is a combination of LINEAR and ANGULAR motion• How far?•• Distance: scalar quantity•Ex: Swimming Pool – 1 lap there and back» Distance = 100m» Displacement = 0mEXS 387 6Linear vs. AngularWhat’s the difference?• LINEAR:• ANGULAR:rotation around a central imaginary line of action (axes of rotation)– AOR:4EXS 387 7General Motion• When linear and angular motion are combined it is GENERAL motionEXS 387 8Standard Reference Terminology• Anatomical Reference Position: standing position with feet slightly separated, arms at side, and palms facing forward• Directional Terms:• Superior –• Inferior – farther away from head• Anterior – toward the front of body• Posterior –• Medial – toward the midline of body• Lateral – away from the midline of body• Proximal –• Distal – further from the trunk• Superficial –• Deep – inside the body5EXS 387 9Anatomical Reference Planes• Three imaginary cardinal planes bisect the mass of the body in 3-dimensions– Sagittal Plane (AP plane)–– Transverse Plane •http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/images/illu_body_planes.jpgEXS 387 102D Planar KinematicsConsideration of Anatomical PlanesWhen deciding on a particular movement for 2D kinematic analysis, first determine the primary anatomical plane of action.Be sure to place the camera perpendicular to that planeEx: Cycling –6EXS 387 11Joint Movement Terminology• When the human body is an anatomical reference position ALL bodyangles are ZERO• Sagittal Plane Movements•• Extension•EXS 387 12Joint Movement Terminology (con’t)• FRONTAL Plane• ABduction –(“to take away”)• ADduction –(“to bring back”) moves toward midline• OTHER– Lateral Trunk Flexion Left/Right–– Do not confuse with pronation/supination occuring at the subtalarjoint. – Fig 2-8,9,10,11,12,137EXS 387 13Joint Movement Terminology (con’t)• TRANSVERSE Plane• Left/Right Rotation: head, neck, trunk•• Pronation/Supination: forearmEXS 387 14Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement• Necessary requirements– Knowledge of the movement characteristics–– Ability to analyze• Proper planning is necessary to perform a qualitative analysis correctly• Two sources of information1.) 2.) Movement Outcome8EXS 387 15Steps of Analysis• Identify major question of interest• Why are deciding to study this aspect? Is there a purpose• Determine optimal viewing angle•• What is your viewing distance?• Number of trials•• Attire of subject/participant• Visual observation and/or Video Camera• When should a video camera be used? For what type of movement?• Why wouldn’t a video camera always be recommended?EXS 387 169EXS 387 17Methods of Kinematic Data Collection1.) Goniometers– Electrical potentiometer–– Assumes joint operates as a hinge joint• Which joints would this be a good approximation of and which joints would it not be a good approximation of?– Only records planar rotations• Example of Knee: only flexion/extension measured and not internal/external rotations–http://www.emgsrus.com/images/goniometers.jpgEXS 387 18Methods of Kinematic Data Collection (con’t)2.) Accelerometers: a force transducer that measures the reaction forces associated with a given accelerationHow do they work?*The force transducer measures the force produced from the given acceleration and as a consequence of Newton’s 2ndlaw the acceleration can be determined*Acceleration must be applied at perpendicular to the face of the force sensor (uni-axial)*A tri-axial accelerometer is used for more complex motions that may Practical Example: Snowboarding Acceleration10EXS 387 19Methods of Kinematic Data Collection (con’t)3.) Imaging/Motion Capture System“A picture is worth a thousand words” Chinese ProverbTechnique: Markers mounted to rigid bodies are recorded during motion and then manually What motion analysis system do we have at SUNY Cortland?VICON Peak MOTUS SystemExample 2D Application: Cricket AnalysisEXS 387 20Practice Problems• Using appropriate movement terminology, write a qualitative description of the performance of a maximal vertical jump. Your description should be sufficiently detailed that the reader can completely and accurately visualize the


View Full Document

SUNY Cortland EXS 387 - Kinematic Concepts

Download Kinematic Concepts
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Kinematic Concepts and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Kinematic Concepts 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?