1Research ToolsSlides Based onwww.csse.monash.edu.au/software/latex/LaTeX_tute_2005.ppt2Agenda LaTex Representing Experimental Results in EPS Figures Producing General EPS Figures for Concepts, Illustration, etc., in xFig3Preface LaTeX is a typesetting system (not a word processor) It is most suited to producing scientific and mathematical documents of high typographical quality.  LaTeX uses TeX as its formatting engine.  This short introduction describes LaTeX2e and should be sufficient for most applications of LaTeX.4LaTex: Outline Things you need to know... Typesetting text Typesetting mathematics Including graphics Bibliographies Running LaTeX Links to further resources5Things you need to know The Name of the Game  Basics  LaTeX Input Files  Input File Structure The Layout of the Document6The Name of the Game (1) TeX was written by the legendary computer scientist Donald E. Knuth:http://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/ It is intended primarily for typesetting text and mathematical formulae.  The “X” stands for the Greek letter Chi. TeX is pronounced “Tech” with a “ch” as in the German word “Ach” or in Scottish “Loch”. It is definitely is not pronounced “ks” In an ASCII environment becomes TeX.7The Name of the Game (2) LaTeX is a macro package which enables authors to typeset their work at the highest typographical quality, using a predefined, professional layout. LaTeX was originally written by Leslie Lamport . It uses the TeX for typesetting. In 1995 the LaTeX package was updated by the LaTeX3 team. This version is called LaTeX2e. This document treats LaTeX2e.8Basics Author, Book Designer, and Typesetter  Layout Design  Advantages and Disadvantages9Author, Book Designer, and Typesetter (1) The traditional publishing process: author gives manuscript to a publishing company. a book designer from the publishing company decides the layout of the document (column width, fonts, etc.) the book designer writes his instructions into the manuscript and gives it to a typesetter the typesetter typesets the book according to these instructions.  A human book designer tries to find out what the author had in mind while writing He decides on chapter headings, citations, examples, formulae, etc. based on his professional knowledge and the contents of the manuscript.10Author, Book Designer, and Typesetter (2) LaTeX takes the role of the book designer and uses TeX as its typesetter. But LaTeX is “only” a program and therefore needs more guidance. The author has to provide additional information which describes the logical structure of his work. This information is written into the text as “LaTeX commands.” This is quite different from the popular WYSIWYG approach (e.g. MS Word (without using styles properly – and even then it’s hard)). “Good” HTML is another example of a system that focuses on logical markup rather than formatting, e.g.<H1>Heading</H1>rather than<FONT SIZE=“+3” FACE=“ARIAL”><B>Heading</B></FONT>11Layout Design (1) Typographical design is a craft: Unskilled authors often commit serious formatting errors by assuming that book design is a question of aesthetics“If a document looks good artistically it is well designed.”» This is not true! A document has to be read, not hung up in a picture gallery The readability and understandability of a document are much more important than its beauty, e.g.» The font size and numbering of headings must be chosen to make the structure of chapters and sections clear to the reader. » The line length must be short enough so as not to strain the reader’s eyes, but long enough to fill the page beautifully.12Layout Design (2) With WYSIWYG systems, authors often generate aesthetically pleasing documents with very little, or inconsistent, structure LaTeX prevents such formatting errors by forcing the author to declare the logical structure of the document LaTeX chooses the most suitable layout Logical mark-up also improves the portability of documents Journals can use stylesheets to translate the logical mark-up into their in-house layout style13Advantages and Disadvantages (1) Advantages of LaTeX over WYSIWYG:  professionally crafted layouts are available the typesetting of mathematical formulae is supported in a convenient way users need only to learn a few simple commands, which specify the logical structure of a document. They almost never need to tinker with the actual layout of the document  complex structures such as footnotes, references, table of contents, and bibliographies can be generated easily for many typographical tasks not directly supported by basic LaTeX, there exist free add-on packages LaTeX encourages authors to write well structured texts  LaTeX is highly portable and free14Advantages and Disadvantages (2) LaTeX also has some disadvantages: What you see is not what you get.» Is this really a disadvantage? Why are you thinking about layout instead of content? More resources (memory, disk-space, computing power) are required to run a LaTeX system than a simple word processor, But» Word for Windows 6.0 needs even more disk space than a normal LaTeX system.» When it comes to processor usage, LaTeX beats any WYSIWYG system, as it only needs a lot of CPU time when a document is actually processed The design of a whole new layout is difficult and takes a lot of time.15LaTeX Input Files The input for LaTeX is a plain ASCII text file. You can create it with any text editor. It contains the text of the document commands which tell LaTeX how to typeset the text.» Spaces » Special Characters » LaTeX Commands » Comments16Spaces Whitespace characters (e.g. blank, tab, singlelinebreak) are treated uniformly as “space” by LaTeX. Several consecutive whitespace characters are treated as one ``space''. An empty line between two lines of text defines the end of a paragraph. Several empty lines are treated in the same way as one empty line.It does not matter whether you enter one of several spaces after a word.An empty line starts a new paragraph.It does not matter whether you enter one or several spaces after a word.An empty line starts a new paragraph.17Special Characters The following symbols are reserved characters, that either