1HORIZONTAL STRUCTURESHORIZONTAL STRUCTURES◄ Bending resistant ►◄ Bending resistant ►Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 1◄ Axial resistant ►◄ Axial resistant ►◄Form resistant ►◄ Form resistant ►StayedPneumatic Cable trussAnticlasticSuspended◄Tensile resistant ►◄ Tensile resistant ►Structure and DesignAppendix E – span tables:• Structure Elements• Structure Systems• Span ranges• Span / depth rations• Span / thickness ratiosStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 2PDG: Post Design GraphPosted at http://usc.edu/structures (Arch 499)woodsteel concrete masonryStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 3Visualize slenderness effect2Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 4Crown Hall IIT, ChicagoArchitect: Mies Van der Roheesistant L/D = 20Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 5Bending RePierre Luigi Nervi: Labor Palace, Turin Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 63Salk Institute, La JollaArchitect: Louis KahnEngineer: Komendant and Dubin• Viernedeel girders span 65’ • Provide adaptable plenum rder and frameStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 7Perspective section and photo, courtesy Salk InstituteBar depth varies with global shearVierendeel girSport Center UC DavisArchitect: Perkins & Will Engineer: Leon RiesembergTwo-way Vierendeel frameWidth: 252’Length: 315’Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 8Commerzbank, FrankfurtArchitect: Norman FosterEngineer: Ove ArupVierendeel frameStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 9Sky gardenVierendeel frameSky garden4Folded PlateStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 10Cylindrical ShellPhoto: Michael Bodycomb, © 1977 Kimbell Art Museum. Reproduced with permissionSüddeutshe Zeitung, MunichPrinting Plant Architect: Von Seidlein et allWind bracingcturesAxial ResistantcompressiontensionStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 11Truss strucCentre Pompidou, ParisArchitect: Piano and RodgersEngineer: Ove ArupBracing provides lateral stability in both width and length directionsStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 125Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 13Speed skating rink, Heerenveen, HollandArchitect: Van der Zee & YbemaEngineer: Arie Krijegsman, ABTParabolic trusses match global moments underuniform load for constant chord stressRadial end trusses are supported by a center trussthat is elastically supported by cross trusses.L = 217’Center truss distributes radial truss loadsStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 14CDG metro station 2 ParisArchitect / Engineer: Paul AndrewSupports provide bi-lateral bracingStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 156Airport Terminal HamburgArchitect: Von Gerkan / MargEngineer: Kockjoy Schwarz WeberPrismatic TrussAirport Terminal, ChicagoArchitect: Helmut JahnFolded trussStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 16USSJavits Convention Center New YorkArchitect: I M PeiEngineer: WeidlingerStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 17SPACE TRUCurrigan Exhibit Hall, DenverArchitect: Muchow, Ream, and LarsonStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 187Larkspur Ferry Terminal San FranciscoArchitect: Jacques De BrerEngineer: Kaiser EngineersStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 19Airport terminal StuttgartArchitect: Von Gerkan / MargEngineer: Weidleplan Features:• 12 trees, each 80’ x 80’• Four pipe stems, 48 branches• Skylights separate units tureStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 20Tree structAirport Terminal Stansted, UK Architect: Norman Foster AssociatesEngineer: Ove Arup and Partners Steel lattice domes are supported by 36x36 m trees that integrate mechanical services. Four strands secure each dome to trunks for lateral stability.Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 218Exposition hall, TurinEngineer: Pierre Luigi NerviThe 85/112 m vault features prefab Ferro-cement units to resist bucklingstantStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 22A Ferro-cement unitB Site-cast concrete ribC SkylightForm ResisBus Station Chur, SwitzerlandArchitect: Richard Brosi / Robert ObristEngineer: Toscano / Ove Arup (Peter Rice)Inclined 16” steel arches span a 164’ platform.Radial strands resist lateral thrust and buckling.Structure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 23Exhibit Hall LeipzigArchitect: Von Gerkan / MargEngineer: Ian RitchyFeatures:• Point-supported glass vaultsuspended from trussed arches• Automatic daylight shading jointsStructure systems Copyright © G G Schierle, 2010 press Esc to end,  for next,  for previous slide 24Point-supported glass with silicon9Olympic stadium AthensArchitect/Engineer: Santiago