BioSc221/325 Exam 3 FS2000 Name ______________________________Multiple choice. (1 point each) Choose the one best answer to each of the following questions.1. _A_ The earliest stromatolites were probablyA. anoxygenic phototrophsB. anoxygenic lithotrophsC. oxygenic phototrophsD. oxygenic lithotrophs2. _ C _ The most abundant gases in the early atmosphere of the Earth were probablyA. CH4, CO2, O2, N2B. CH4, H2, O2, N2C. CH4, CO2, NH3, N2D. H2, CO2, O2, N23. _ A _ Compared to today, the temperature on Earth during its first half billion years was probablyA. considerably warmer (averaging perhaps 100oC).B. Considerably colder (averaging perhaps 10oC).C. about the same as today.D. about the same as today on average but the diurnal fluctuations were much greater.4. _ B _ Macromolecules on primitive earth were probably polymerized byA. enxymatic interaction.B. dehydration synthesis.C. Electron transport systems.D. mechanisms as yet unetermined.5. _ C _The earliest RNA probably functioned inA. catalysisB. genetic codingC. both catalysis and genetic codingD. neither catalysis nor genetic coding6. _ A _ The cyanobacteria probably evolved fromA. anoxygenic phototrophsB. anoxygenic lithotrophsC. oxygenic phototrophsD. oxygenic lithotrophs7. _ C _ The most widely used molecular chronometer isA. cytochrome CB. ATPaseC. ribosomal RNAD. heat shock proteins8. _ B _ The size of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies isA. 5SB. 16SC. 18SD. 23S9. _ A _ Organisms of which domain occupy the environments closest to those of primitive earth?A. ArchaeaB. EubacteriaC. EukaryaD. Organisms from all domains can be found in primitive areas.10. _ A _ Molecular sequencing suggests that mitochondria arose from a group of prokaryotic organisms that includes theA. Agrobacterium and RhizobiumB. Vibrio and PhotobacteriumC. AquifexD. Escherichia and Salmonella11. _ C _ At the present time, how many bacterial divisions (kingdoms) have been identified?A. 4, but the actual number may be as high as 10B. 8, but the actual number may be as high as 16C. 14, but the actual number may be as high as 50D. 50, but the actual number may be as high as 15012. _ C _ The eukaryotic functional equivalent of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA is theA. 5S rRNAB. 16S rRNA (the same as the prokaryotic 16S rRNA)C. 18S rRNAD. 23S rRNA13. _ A _ Although the microsporidia and diplomonads are eukaryotic, they lackA. mitochondriaB. a true nucleusC. identifiable ribosomesD. all of the above14. _ B _ Protein synthesis studies using Sulfolobus (archaea), yeast (eukarya), and Escherichia coli (eubacteria) indicate thatthe ribosomal proteins of _____ and _____ are more closely related to each other than they are to the ribosomal proteins of_____.A. archaea, eubacteria, eukaryaB. archaea, eukarya, eubacteriaC. eubacteria, eukarya, archaeaD. none of the above because the studies indicate these proteins all seem to be similar.15. _ A _ All eukaryotes containA. a membrane bound nucleusB. mitochondriaC. hydrogenosomesD. all of the above16. _ B _ MitochondriaA. utilize the Calvin-Benson cycle.B. utilize the citric acid cycle.C. reduce organic compounds to CO2.D. all of the above.17. _ B _ On the evolutionary scale, which of the following organisms is probably the oldest?A. TrichomonasB. GiardiaC. Escherichia coliD. this cannot be determined18. _ A _ A thin, crescent-shaped organism with a single flagellum originating from a basal body would most likely be amember of the genusA. TrypanosomaB. GlossinaC. EntamoebaD. Gambiense19. _ A _ The apicomplexa are characterized byA. obligate parasitism.B. undulating motility in the adult stages.C. external digestion of food particles.D. all of the above20. _ C _ Which statement best describes the habitats of the fungi?A. Most fungi are aquatic, primarily fresh water aquatic.B. Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic.C. Most terrestrial fungi dwell in the soil or on dead plant material.D. Most terrestrial fungi are plant or animal parasites.21. _ B _ Which statement is true?A. Fungal cell walls resemble plant cell walls chemically but not architecturally.B. Fungal cell walls resemble plant cell walls architecturally but not chemically.C. fungal cell walls resemble plant cell walls both chemically and architecturally.D. Fungal cell walls do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or architecturally.22. _ D _ Which statement is true?A. Conidia are asexual spores.B. Ascospores are sexual spores.C. Basidiospores are sexual spores.D. all of the above are true.23. _ C _ Which algae are probably most closely related to the plants?A. diatomsB. brown algaeC. green algaeD. euglenoids24. _ A _ Euglenoids are close phylogenetic relatives of theA. flagellated protozoa.B. ciliated protozoa.C. ameboid protozoaD. sporozoans25. _ A _ The chloroplasts of red algae contain __, which is also the main light harvesting pigment found in ___.A. phycobiliproteins/cyanobacteriaB. bacteriochlorophyl/ purple bacteriaC. bacteriorhodopsin/halobacteria26. _ A _ Which of the following traits is not characteristic of Caulobacter?A. Occurs in aquatic habitats rich in organic matter.B. Produces a cytoplasmic outgrowth (prostheca)C. Attaches to surfaces in natureD. Forms rosettes.27. _ D _ Which of the following characterize the Actinomycetes?A. Filamentous growth.B. Conidia on aerial hyphae.C. Common inhabitants of soil.D. All of the above.28. _ B _ Which of the following would not apply to Bdellovibrio?A. Obligate aerobe.B. Attacks Gram positive bacteriaC. Replicates in periplasmic space.D. Widespread in soil.29. _ B _ Which of the following gliding bacteria form(s) fruiting bodies?A. BeggiatoaB. MyxococcusC. CytophagaD. All of the above form fruiting bodies.30. _ A _ Members of the genus PseudomonasA. may have fluorescent pigmentsB. usually have peritrichous flagella.C. are gram positive rods.D. tend to cause mild (rather than serious) infections in humans.31. _ B _ Which of the following is not a trait of the rickettsia?A. Obligate intracellular parasite.B. Lack a cell wall.C. Contain both RNA and DNA.D. Distinct energy metabolism.32. _ C _ Which of the following statements does not correctly apply to magnetotactic bacteria?A. The cells contain particles of Fe3O4.B. Magnetic orientation may provide a means for migrating towards microaerobic zones in sediments.C. The bacteria align their long axis at right angles to the lines of the magnetic fields.D. In cells from the Northern hemisphere megnetosomes align