SI BIO 211Leader: Chelsey12/7/10 Chapter 55Ecosystems Worksheet1. An ecosystem is the sum of all the ________________ living within its boundaries and all the _______________ _______________ with which they interact.2. What are the two dynamic processes involved in every ecosystem? Which one flows through an ecosystem and which cycles within an ecosystem?3. Define the two laws of thermodynamics which ecosystems abide by.1)2)4. According to the law of conservation of mass, matter….(complete the sentence)5. What role do detrivores play in the ecosystem?6. What is the gross primary production (GPP) limited by?7. What does the net primary production (NPP) consist of?8. What is eutrophication and what typically causes it?9. Evapotranspiration is the amount of _____________ annually transpired by _____________ and evaporated from a _________________.10. Calculate the production efficiency: A human consumes 500 Joules. This human produces 250 J in feces, 15 J in growth and 235 J in cell respiration.11. What is the average trophic efficiency or proportion of production transferred from one trophic level to the next? Hint: think about the biomass pyramid.12. Global warming is caused by the magnified greenhouse effect due to an increase in what atmospheric molecule?13. What does the ozone (O3) layer do for us?14. Should scientists use data to test theories or use theories to test data?Answers1. Organisms, abiotic factors2. Energy which flows through an ecosystem and chemicals cycle within ecosystems3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed. Some energy is lost as heat in any conversion process.4. Matter cannot be created or destroyed.5. Detrivores are decomposers so they replace the chemicals/matter of the dead plants and animals back into the environment.6. The amount of solar radiation that reaches Earth and hits the photosynthetic organisms.7. NPP= GPP – the energy used by primary producers for respiration….note that only NPP is available to the consumers of the ecosystem8. Eutrophication – the process in which a body of water is enriched with a nutrient that is typically limited in that water stimulating growth of aquatic plants resulting in a depletion of the dissolved oxygen needed by the aquatic animals (fish). Caused by sewage and fertilizer runoff.9. Water, plants, landscape10. (15J/250J) (100%) = 6%11. 10%12. CO213. The ozone layer prevents UV radiation from entering the Earth’s atmosphere14. Scientists should use data to test theories. Remember, a theory cannot be proven; it can only besupported or refuted by
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