1Do insects use visual recognition for navigation?Two possible strategies:Dead-reckoning(keeping a running tally of directions and distances)Scene-based navigation(attaching vectors to observed scenes)What is the benefit of one strategy over the other?Evidence for dead-reckoningPieron (1904):Curse you,Pieron!In a featurelessEnvironment…Evidence for scene-based navigationMenzel et al (1995)I’m on toyou, Menzel!Evidence for scene-based navigation (contd.)(Collett and Baron, 1995)Evidence for object-based navigation(Collett and Baron, 1994)Yess!Evidence for object-based navigation2Evidence for use of landmarks to pinpoint placesTinbergen (1932)BONK!Evidence for use of landmarks to pinpoint placesWehner et al. (1996)Can insects organize landmarks into‘cognitive maps’?Basic ‘shnapshot’ model:Landmark A : move NNELandmark B : move NWLandmark C : move S…Cognitive map model:ABC?Can insects organize landmarks into‘cognitive maps’?(Gould, 1986)Can insects organize landmarks into‘cognitive maps’?Yes!How do insects represent and match patterns?It seems that they use retinotopic matching.(Cartwright and Collett, 1983)Generalization!3How do insects represent and match patterns?Retinotopic matching in the desert ant(Wehner et al, 1996)How do insects represent and match patterns?Retinotopic matching in the waterstrider(Junger, 1991)My nameis GerrisRetinotopic matching in the waterstrider Retinotopic matching in the waterstriderRetinotopic matching in the waterstriderHow do insects represent and match patterns?Retinotopic matching in Drosophila(Dill et al, Nature, 1993)4Retinotopic matching in Drosophila Retinotopic matching in DrosophilaRetinotopic matching in DrosophilaInference: Images are stored retinotopicallyBut,What about an image is stored?No. Bees can learn to recognize shapes defined by any of a numberof cues [Zhang et al., 1995]Is it an exact copy of the image?Bees can learn to recognize shapes defined by any of a number of cuesWhat about an image is stored?Is it just the local features in the image?No. Bees can perform pattern discrimination on the basis oflocal or global characteristics.(Gould, 1985)5Local and global analysis by bees (Zhang et al., 1992) Local and global analysis by bees (Zhang et al., 1992)Local and global analysis by bees (Zhang et al., 1992) Mobile robots based on insect navigation strategiesMax-Planck Institute for Psychological Research, MunichBehavior that the robot seeks to replicateImage processing in the Sahabot6Basic snapshot algorithm of the SahabotA simulation of the snapshot algorithmShowtime for SahabotA sample Sahabot runPattern recognition by Octopuses78Is an octopus a CAT Scanner in reverse?Can we use a tomographic representation forReal-world image-classification