Sections to focus on for Exam- 4.1-4.4- 4.6-4.7- 5.1-5.3- 6.1- 7.1-7.3 (anything dealing with density/structure of seawater)- Multiple choice, true/false, simple quantitative problems, 2 diagrams to interpretseen both beforeMSCI 101 study guide – midterm 2Can you account for the fundamental reason that water molecules have an electrical imbalance? What are some implications of the partial positive and negative charges with respect to phase transformations, dissolving power, and other physical properties?- Electronic imbalance: the angle between the covalent bonds causes this (105 degrees). The angle causes the electrons to spend more time around the O2 as opposed to the H+. The angle creates the partial negative and partial positive of the water molecule.Are you able to draw the boundaries between the ultraviolet / visible portions of theelectromagnetic spectrum on a scale showing either microns ( m) or nanometers μ(nm)? How about the boundary between the visible / infrared regions? Which colors correspond to long wavelengths? What about short wavelengths.Given a mass of water, latent heat, and sensible heat values, are you able to calculate the amount of energy in calories to induce a change in state (i.e., solid to liquid, etc) and increase the temperature by a specified amount? Can you show how units cancel so you are left with only energy units?Can you distinguish between concentration vs. depth profiles for conservative, nutrient, and scavenged elements in seawater? Do you understand the general processes that cause an element to exhibit nutrient, scavenged, or conservative behavior.In the context of photosynthesis and respiration, are you able to predict the concentration vs. depth profile of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the oceans? Can youexplain the principle factors behind the shapes of these profiles?Do you understand the relationships between the concept of steady state, reservoir size, and fluxes into/out of the reservoir?Are you comfortable with expressing concentrations in different ways. For example how would you express 1% in ppm? How about 25 ‰ in %? Is 10 ‰ the same as 1%?What does evaporation – precipitation tell you about the humidity or aridity of a region? How will salinity respond to changes in E-P?Are you comfortable with describing how different types of energy move through the ocean? For example, what happens to light energy with increasing depth? What factors influence the speed of sound? Can you describe how vertical circulation in the ocean takes place? What drives the density driven circulation? What role does convection play in the oceans? What is the biological pump, and how does it redistribute mass in the oceans?- Is CO2 increasing in the ocean just b/c there’s an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere? Yes. - The equator has high evaporation, but there’s also a ton of precipitation, which means the equator doesn’t have more salinity than any other area.o Evaporation-precipitation graph. When you have a negative E-P that means you have excess precipitation, so you won’t have the highest salinities. Where there’s an excess of evaporation, then there’s positive numbers, which means the salinity is higher. E-P gives surface salinity.o More radiation received at certain areas=more evaporation, but excessprecipitation causes salinity to not be too higho Gulf stream runs up east coast, so the salinity values on our coast are changing more rapidly b/c the Gulf Stream is high in salinity?- Blackbody