CHEM 1310: General Chemistry Sections L & M EXAM #2 Study Guide (covering Chemical Principles Chapters 12-13, and 16-17) Chapter 12: Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Theory Characteristics of electromagnetic radiation (Section 12.1) Relationship between energy and wavelength (Section 12.2) Quantum Mechanical Description of the Atom (Section 12.5) o What is quantum mechanics? o Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle What information do we get from solutions to the Schröedinger Equation? Quantum Numbers as described in Section 12.9 What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle (Section 12.10)? What is the Aufbau Priniciple and how is it used (Section 12.13)? What are some trends relating to atomic properties that we find in the Periodic Table (Section 12.15)? o Ionization Energy o Electron Affinity o Atomic Radius Chapter 13: Bonding – General Concepts What is electronegativity and what electronegativity trend is observed in the Periodic Table? Know what a bond polarity is and how to recognize a polar bond Know what a dipole moment is and how a dipole moment affects the overall polarity of a molecule Know how to describe the electron configuration of an element or its ion (Read text and see lecture notes for clarity on this issue) Be able to calculate covalent bond energies for molecules in chemical reactions. (Note: You would be given average bond energies to solve related problems.) Know the octet rule and how to draw Lewis structures Know what resonance is Know exceptions to the octet rule Know how to calculate formal charge Know how to determine the shape of a molecule based on VSEPR theory (calculating steric number will help!) Chapter 16: Liquids and Solids Know definitions of different types of intermolecular forces and examples of when they take place o Dipole-dipole (and special case of Hydrogen Bonding) o Ion-Dipole o Ionic o London dispersion o Induced-dipole Know definitions and applications of liquid properties described in Section 16.2 o Surface tension o Capillary action o Viscosity Know how to calculate vapor pressure of a liquid Know definitions and trends of boiling point and melting point Know names of phase transitions between solids, liquids and gasesChapter 17: Properties of Solutions Know how to calculate concentrations in terms of molarity, molality, mass %, mole fraction Know factors that affect solubility What is a colligative property? Raoult’s Law and related calculations Boiling Point Elevation and Freezing Point Depression and related calculations for both van’t Hoff Factor and its calculations What is a
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