U S History to 1865 09 05 2013Class Notes History 1311 012 Dr Pinkney Road to Revolution 1763 1775 I England France The Wars for Empire 1689 1763 II England s Problems after 1763 A debt and Taxation B trade regulations C security issues in trans appalachian west 1 Pontiac s rebellion 2 proclamation act 1763 III England exerts control A sugar revenue act 1764 B quartering act 1765 C stamp act 1765 D townshend duties 1767 E boston massacre 1770 IV tea crisis and confrontation A tea act and colonial response 1773 B coercive intolerable acts 1774 C First continental congress D shots heard round the world april 19 1775 Rough Lecture Notes colonials start to see future away from england away from the english mercantile system and the protection of the english military france had a presence in north america spain controlled what is now mexico and florida and most of south america and what is now the south west spain is european rival to enland in north america france is an english rival the french claimed what is now canada they had est Quebec France also claims more than that french explorer that had first explored the mississippi river established trading posts france first priority is trade in north america once they reach what is now new orleans they begin to explore the north coast france is certainly established in what is now canada and they lay claim to parts of what is now usa going into the 1700s france and england are locked in an economic battle and get locked within 4 major wars first 3 arbitrary the last war was the french and indian war between 1689 1763 england and france are frequently in war indian war 7 years war nation to come on top was going to become the most powerful nation in the world French and Indian war is the decisive war fought primarily in north america and primarily in the english colonies it began in 1754 cause french in process of moving south of the great lakes and beginning to est forts in the ohio valley military presence in the ohio valley important to the colonials because they plan on moving west over the applachian mountains rich farmland and trading opportunities to the west virginia and the general assembly decide to send a small militia force to the ohio valley to scout the french forts 1754 virgina legislature authorizes the small militia to go to the ohio valley led by george washington as a very young man discover that the french are building fort duquesne come back legislature sends washington with letter to french stating that they are not pleased with them coming into the claimed virginia land the second trek sending washington to the french in the west starts conflict and the indian war the colonials dont know how wide to the west the continent goes or how long the western boundries are from the charter dispute between pennsylvania and maryland the surveyers are mason and dickson they create the mason dickson line states north of the mason and dickson are slave free and south are slave states by the time get the the civil war Short Answer 1 war between england and france is a globas confrontation colonials actively participate in the 7 years war native americans caught between european powers so some take sides and become allies with each country ends in 1763 ends with a peace treaty peace of paris 1763 treaty of paris brings an end to the period of wars for empire ends in english victory france surrenders beneficial treaty to england france gives up claim to canada gave up all of its land claims in what would become usa east of mississippi river to england west of the mississippi to spain that territory includes new orleans Cede s territory to england and spain did retain a few island in the west indies some of the sugar islands with which they were producing profit in the mainland france no longer is a military threat to the english colonies victory for england in 1763 england is the most powerful nation on earth does not mean that england does not have problems with the defeat of france enlands economy is the largest and military is the most powerful spain is still a threat and france is still a threat but not in the north americas there were problems with england after all that warfare war is expensive englands national debt doubles during this period of warfare DEBT is a problem for england the english living in england had been taxed until they could no longer be taxed one of the reasons for englands change of interest of colonies was because of the insane debt after 1763 with this huge debt parliment starts to look into the colonies from parliments point of view it is only fair that the colonials that they start to provide revenue to the homeland all of a sudden england has to govern more land has to provide troops and create bureacracy basic problems after victory huge debt issue of taxation violatoins of trade regulations one thing that angers the english parliment was that during the french indian war the colonials kept on trading with french many members thought that the colonials were committing treason by trading with the french during a time of war all of these issues are changing the governments relationship with the colonies the issue of security on the western frontier Short Answer 2 as soon as the peace treaty was formed the colonials begin to move west and start to establish themselves in the ohio territory conflict with the natives and the colonials starts in that region native american resistance arrises quickly the most successful comes from chief pontiac in the ottawa tribe pontiac is aware of the english presence in conflict with other tribes pontiac puts together a confederation of tribes to push back the white settlements initially is very successful pontiac almost succeeds but england sends troops and crushes the native rebellion english parliment does not want to get into a situation where they have to quarter troops in the ohio settlements parliment creates proclamation act of 1763 keeps the colonials east of the applachian mountians to save from outstanding costs colonials were forbidden to cross the applachians all those who were already across were sent back only those who could go across were those with licenses parliment can t afford to be the policemen between the native americans and the colonials colonials are not happy those who moves over and are already established are really not happpy west of the applachian mountians is filled with ripe land great deal of resentment because of this act some