U S History to 1865 09 29 2013Class Notes History 1311 012 Dr Pinkney Graduate TA Nicole L opoldie UH 316 TR 3 30 5 00PM nicole leopoldie mavs uta edu Misc Info supplemental instructor david black study group room 13 basement TuTh 12 30 1 30 Is going to be a map on the first test going to have to identify the first 13 states England in North America I England Rises to Power A Commercial Military Expansion B Challenge to Spain II Early Exploration Attempts to Colonize A Cabot B Gilbert C Raleigh III Jamestown A Founding B Struggle to Survive C Tobacco D Demise of the London Company Rough Lecture Notes ex of short answer term maize should have a wealth of info from the last lecture food product dev by native americans in central america around the 5000BC in the fucking notes she talks too fast england was not particulary powerful from 1492 1540s sees spain getting more and more powerful and wealthy because of the americas by 1550s english begin to make an effort to build up military and resources to make spain an even playing field in order to expans first ways to benefits from riches of new world was stealing from spanish fleets john hawkins and francis drake were the top sea dogs stole from spanish fleets and brought benefit to the english empire both military both want to see their countries flourish and wanted to flourish personally spanish are enfuriated by the english pirates and relations deteriorate by 1588 king of spain Phillip II decides to take military action to stop england and regain controll phillip II puts together armada to attack english two reasons constant thievery second religious armada was an invasion force spanish armada great armada took sail in 1588 132 ships in armada had around 3000 canons among them english had smaller more maneuverable ships and had longer firing range for canons spanish sail into the english channel very narrow the final flow for the spanish came with bad weather storm brewed from north sea into the channel and wreaked havoc upon the spanish navy most of ships that weren t sunk were badly damaged spain never really recovers from the battle of the armada from this point on the english begins to dev strong navy for the first time the oceans are much free er for the english and the chance for high amount of colonization increases Englands attempt to build up power by increasing conflict with spain and expanding the navy conflict between the two nations spain sends invincible armada to get england back english win and tide of power changes by 1763 england has the most powerful navy in the world up till WW2 defeating the armada took pressure off sending explorers and settlers to the americas english claim to the americas was established by an itilian cabot made land on what is now canada made contact with the natives and moved on gave england right to claim the land controlling is different first attempt to est english settlement didnt come till 1580s gilbert was first attempt and his ship sinks his half brother sir raleigh finances the second expidition in 1587 he is not going himself but finances the attempt to settle in america the adventurers land in roanoke island by 1588 they need to resupply from england the gov of colony heads back to england to get supplies john white gov of colony gets back to england but cant get back to the colony because of the war with spain he cant return until 1590 when he returns he finds nothing destroyed settlement and no settlers he finds single word carved into the trunk of a tree Roatoan still dont know what happened to the settlers in that destroyed establishment the settlement is a failure there was a consequence and the settlement known as the lost colony raleigh is now bankrupt because of the failure he lost all of his fortune begin to dev an idea of a joint stock company to finance colonization joint stock company is all about shared risk next attempt for english to get firm settlement comes in 1607 it was a joint stock funding for the attempt at the Jamestown Colony investors are hoping to find riches in north america primary goal for the settlement of jamestown was earning profit secondary was to gain a foothold for the english in the americas the London Company received its charter from the king in 1606 charter addresses issues in the colony organization spring of 1607 small band of men and boys slightly over 100 set sail from england and est settlement about 50 miles up from what they named the james river they sail up the river and dont est settlement on the coastline for fear of being attacked trying to preserve the settlement without being noticed select a spot that has decent defensive capabilities can even defend from european enemies place was miserable for human existence swampy wet hot uncomfortable insect laiden jamestown was build at an estuary in the james river estuary salt water meets fresh water drinking water had a pretty high concentraation of salt death rate in first six to nine months in this settlement was high by January of 1608 only 38 individuals remained alive struggle to survive in the spring of 1608 john smith takes control of the few who still remain alive in first winter received help from the native americans these men were not thinking of the long term survival they thought they were going to grab the good stuff and go one of the rules that john smith est was one who works not eats not if you dont work you dont eat by 1609 they have thoroughly ticked off all friendly and close native americans they are capable of growing their own food but are not going to receive help from the natives reinforcements arrive and do not bring enough food in the fall of 1609 there were approx 500 people living in jamestown by spring of 1610 the number was at 60 many starved to death the survivors literally picked up their stuff and were ready to leave on way met more reinforcement in 1610 and the most desparate time for settlement was over they are not finding anything of material value that they can trade the idea was that the colony was supposed to become profitable they dont have an economic reason for survival in 1612 an englishman named john ralph was experimenting with tobaco plants ralph brought in tobaco plants from the west indies and began to experiment merging the native with what he brought with him by 1612 he had a suitable tobaco jamestown now has a reason tobaco becomes the economic backbone of the colony raising tobaco gives individuals a chance to trade for the