NATS 104 LIFE ON EARTH Section: __________ SPRING, 2003 THIRD 100-pt EXAM. Name: ________________ ENTER YOUR NAME AND SECTION ABOVE AND USE THE “BUBBLE SHEET” TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. ENTER YOUR NAME ON THE BUBBLE FORM AND FILL THE CIRCLES. (be sure to mark "blank" between your first, middle, and last names) Each answer is worth 2 points. The following 5 questions referring to the figure to the right treat the Theory of Island Biogeography. 1. Referring to the figure to the right, axis “A” should be labeled a. equilibrium b. extinction c. number of species d. immigration e. rate 2. Referring to the figure above, right, curve “D” should be labeled a. equilibrium b. extinction c. number of species d. immigration e. rate 3. Referring to the figure above, right, the encircled area “E” should be labeled a. equilibrium b. extinction c. number of species d. immigration e. rate 4. Referring to the figure above, right, the labeled item most closely associated with island area is a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. 5. Referring to the figure above, right, the labeled item most closely associated with biodiversity is a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E.Questions 6, 7 & 8 refer to the above 3 figures. For each graph, the x-axis is time from older (left) to today (right) and the y-axis is concentration from low (bottom) to high (top). 6. Graph “A” best matches the history of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide a. during the last 15 years b. during the last 200 years c. during the last 100,000 years d. during the last 1,000,000 years e. during the last 1,000,000,000 years 7. Graph “B” best matches the history of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide a. during the last 15 years b. during the last 200 years c. during the last 100,000 years d. during the last 1,000,000 years e. during the last 1,000,000,000 years 8. The graph showing the smallest total change in carbon dioxide or oxygen is a. A b. B c. C For each number (left), match the species-interaction term with the letter of the most suitable “help-or-hurt (+1 -1)” summary (right) 9. Commensalism a. -1, -1 10. Competition b. -1, +1 11. Mutualism c. 0, 0 12. Parasitism d. 0, +1 13. Predation e. +1, +1 14. All of the following are important kinds (categories) of hazards EXCEPT _____ e. Aerial b. Biological c. Chemical d. Cultural e. Physical 15. ______ is the leading cause of death in developing countries a. Alzheimer's dementia b. Bacterial infections c. Diabetes d. Emphysema e. Heart Disease16. ______ is an example of a viral disease spread by air a. Acne b. Bubonic plague c. Diphtheria d. Smallpox e. Tuberculosis 17. Among educated women the population growth rate is usually __ than among uneducated women a. less than b. greater than c. the same as 18. During the ___ the Vikings colonized Greenland and Earth’s temperature was warmer than during the following ___ when that colony collapsed. c. Eocene – Last Glacial Maximum d. Medieval Warm Period – Little Ice Age e. Mesozoic – Neoglacial b. Mid-Holocene optimum – Illinoisan glaciation a. Paleozoic – Mesozoic 19. The epidemic that caused the greatest number of deaths in the United States was the __ epidemic a. AIDS b. Bubonic Plague c. Polio d. Spanish Flu e. Tuberculosis 20. A measure of how harmful a substance is a. Bioaccumulation b. Biomagnification c. Hazard d. Risk e. Toxicity 21. As primary and secondary succession proceed, soil nutrients generally a. decrease b. increase c. stay the same 22. A substance or environmental factor that causes birth defects is a a. carcinogen b. hazard c. mutagen d. risk e. teratogen 23. A substance or environmental factor that causes harm is a a. carcinogen b. hazard c. mutagen d. risk e. teratogen24. Diseases such as tuberculosis that are spread from person to person are a. benign b. nontransmissable c. r-selected d. teratogenic e. transmissible 25. During the last 150 years plant and animal range displacements have generally been a. northward and to higher elevation b. northward and to lower elevation c. southward and to higher elevation d. southward and to lower elevation e. southward and northward 26. The Earth's atmosphere is about 21% a. Argon b. Carbon Dioxide c. Nitrogen d. Oxygen e. Water Vapor 27. The effect of the ozone hole is ____ at the surface of the earth a. increased cosmic radiation b. increased infrared radiation c. increased ultraviolet radiation d. increased visible radiation e. increased X-radiation 28. The biological warfare agent used most recently (2001) in attacking USA citizens was a. Aflotoxin b. Anthrax c. Botulinum d. Salmonella e. Tularemia 29. Globally, the hottest and driest period of the last 12,000 years occurred about a. 500 years ago b. 1000 years ago c. 2000 years ago d. 5000 years ago e. 10,000 years ago 30. In general, biodiversity in the tropics is ___ biodiversity at the poles a. equal to b. greater than c. less than31. In the United States, most deaths are due to ___ diseases a. benign b. nontransmissable c. r-selected d. teratogenic e. transmissable 32. In urban areas human population growth rate is usually __ than in rural areas a. less than b. greater than c. the same as 33. Most of the megafauna (mastodons, mammoths, camels, etc.) of North America became extinct about a. 500,000 years ago b. 250,000 years ago c. 100,000 years ago d. 50,000 years ago e. 10,000 years ago 34. Over the last 150 years, the average temperature of the Earth’s surface has a. increased by over 5 oC b. increased by less than 1 oC c. not changed d. decreased by less than 1 oC e. decreased by over 5 oC 35. Over the last 150 years, the average sea level of the Earth's oceans has a. risen by over 1 foot b. risen by less than 1 foot c. not changed d. fallen by less than 1 foot e. fallen by over 1 foot 36. Heating of the Earth and other planets due to solar energy absorbed in the atmosphere is a. Bioaccumulation b. Competition c. Nitrification d. the Greenhouse Effect e. the Ozone Hole 37. The innermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere is the ___ a. hydrosphere b. mesosphere c. stratosphere d. thermosphere e. troposphere38. The most common indoor pollutant to cause human injury is a. carbon monoxide b. chloroform c. nitrogen oxides d. radon 222 e. trichloroethylene 39. The birth rate is influenced by all of the following EXCEPT