11NETWORKINGTECHNOLOGIES (II)BUS3500 - Abdou Illia, Fall 2010(October 20, 2010)2LEARNING GOALS Describe networking protocols and identify the major protocols used in business. Describe and contrast types of transmission techniques used in data networks and voice networks.3Protocols An agreed upon set of rules that govern communication in a network All computers on a network must use same protocol for effective communication Example of protocols: TCP/IP suite Ethernet Token RingComputer 1Rules for Task 1Rules for Task 2Rules for Task 3Rules for Task 4Rules for Task 5Computer 2Rules for Task 1Rules for Task 2Rules for Task 3Rules for Task 4Rules for Task 524TCP/IP TCP/IP suite is named after its two main protocols: TCP and IP Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Provides a reliable data transfer service between two endpoints on a network Internet Protocol (IP) Defines a delivery mechanism for packets of data sent between all systems on an Internet TCP/IP is the protocol suite for the InternetIPInternetEthernet, Token Ring, PPP, Modem standardsPhysicalTCP, UDPTransportHTTP, FTP, SMTPApplicationSample protocolsTask5Ethernet A set of rules for transmitting messages in LANs Most widely used protocol for LANs Uses a method called CSMA/CD* for wired LANs1) All computers (“carriers”) listen (“sense”) for traffic on the LAN2) If no traffic, computer that wishes to transmit may transmit3) If collision occurs, computers must wait a random amount of time4) The computer with smallest random number send again first.* Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision DetectionCSMA/CD*6Ethernet standards10Base-TSpeed:10 MbpsSignal type:BasebandtransmissionMedium:Twisted Pair- Speed: 100 Mbps- Signal type: Baseband- Distance: 100 m between Hub/Switch and node- Uses CAT5 or better UTP with RJ-45 connectors - Star topology: physical star, logical bus100Base-TX100Base-TX: Two Twisted-pairs of Category 5 UTP or STP100Base-FX: Fiber-optic cabling using 2-strand cable100Base-T4: Four Twisted-pairs of Category 3,4, or 5 UTP1000Base-CX: Uses Twinaxial cable1000Base-LX: Uses single-mode Fiber-optic cable (5 km)1000Base-T: 4 Twisted-pairs of Cat. 5 UTP in full-duplex802.3CSMA/CD802.3Ethernet802.3uFast Ethernet802.3zGigabit Ethernet10Base-210Base-510Base-T10Broad-36100Base-TX100Base-FX100Base-T41000Base-SX1000Base-LX1000Base-CX1000Base-CX+ New 10Gbps standard37Token Ring Other set of rules for transmitting messages in LANs Only one node “talks” at a time A node only transmits when it receives a special packet called a “Token” Only one Token on the ring No collisions8Transmitting Data in a Network Two major techniques:1)Circuit switching network Traditionally used for voice transmission2)Packet switching network Used for computer data transmission.9Circuit Switching Circuit capacity is reserved during duration of each call At each switch On each trunk lineCircuitReservedCapacityReservedCapacity410Circuit Switching Nothing like congestion on the Internet Reserved Circuit Capacity is Expensive Pay for it whether you use it or not Good for voice, because conversations are fairly constant Bad for data, because most data transmission is bursty; e.g., in World Wide Web, download, then stare at screen for a long time until next download11Packet-Switching Packet Switching Large messages are broken into small pieces called packets (or frames) Packets are short (averaging a few hundred bytes) because switches handle short messages efficientlyMessagePackets12Packet-Switching Multiplexing Packets from many conversations are mixed (multiplexed) over each trunk lineMultiplexing onTransmission LinePacket Switching513Summary Questions6) How do Circuit-Switching networks differ from Packet-Switching networks?5) What kind of switching technique is traditionally used in: (a) data networks? (b) voice networks3) (a) What is the maximum speed in a 100BaseTX Ethernet LAN? (b) What kind of transmission media it uses?2) Could collisions occur in: (a) Ethernet LANs? (b) Token Ring LANs?4) Is Token Ring widely used? 1) (a) What is a protocol? (b) Name few protocols used in network.NotesBook1415Problem Four students share a dorm. They would like to set up a network in order to share programs and data files. Three of the students own PCs and the fourth student has a laptop computer.a) What computing equipments they need to buy in order to set up the Ethernet network with a star topology?b) Suppose that they decided to set up a P2P wired network. They have purchased a 10/100BASE-TX 4-port Ethernet hub at www.cdw.com. What kind of physical transmission media they need to
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