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Case StudiesCS 4460/7450 - Information VisualizationJan. 15, 2009John StaskoSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 2Agenda• Survey some example projects to get a flavor for the kinds of work done in infovis• Just some favorites of mine from over the yearsFor Each Study…• Who – Who are the target users of the tool/technique?• Problem – What is the main problem or challenge being addressed?• Data – What data are being used in the project• Solution – What was done and what is interesting and unique about it?Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 3Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 4Study 1• Understand patterns of presence/events over time• Focus: People’s presence/movements in some space• Situation:− Workers punch in and punch out of a factory− Want to understand the presence patterns over a calendar year• Alternate: Power plant electricity usage over a yearvan Wijk & van SelowInfoVis ‘99Particulars• Who – Factory boss/manager• Problem – Show this large amount of data in an easily understandable and query-able manner• Data – Punch in/out times for workersSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 5Ideas• Any ideas on what we could do here?Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 6Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 7One IdeaGoodTypical daily patternSeasonal trendsBadWeekly patternDetailsSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 8Approach Taken• Cluster analysis− Find two most similar days, make into one new composite− Keep repeating until some preset number left or some condition met• How can this be visualized?− Ideas?Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 9DisplayCharacteristics• Unique types of days (individual or cluster) get their own color• Contextually placed in calendar and line graph for it is shown• Stop clustering when a threshold met or at a predetermined number of clustersSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 10Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 11Interaction• Click on day, see its graph• Select a day, see similar ones• Add/remove clustersSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 12Insights• Traditional office hours followed• Most employees present in late morning• Fewer people are present on summer Fridays• Just a few people work holidays• When the holidays occurred• School vacations occurred May 3-11, Oct 11-19, Dec 21-31• Many people take off day after holiday• Many people leave at 4pm on December 5Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 13Study 2• Understand spatial and temporal patterns of movements of people and groups of people, understand commerce and travel patterns• Focus: Social networks of people and historical data• Alternate: Understand actions and movements of people in terrorist groupsWeaver et alInformation Visualization‘07Particulars• Who – Historicalgeographers, geneologists• Problem – Provide platform where these people can do research and more easily understand the movement patterns• Data – Old hotel records & registersSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 14Data Collection• Two hotel registers in PA− ~10k guest entries− Hundreds of place of origin (mostly NE)• Transcribed into spreadsheets (400 hours)• Many repeat visitors• 6% of dataset not legible/usableSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 15Preliminary Data Analysis• Simple tables generated• GIS software for mapping geographic locationsSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 16Improvise• System used to build visualization tool• Modular library of visualization components• Multiple views key• Coordination model coupled with data processing language at its heart• More later in term…Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 17Visualization• How?− Consult with historical geographers− Iterative design• Multiple, coordinated viewsSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 18Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 19User interfaceSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 20Looking for patterns of visitationSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 21Showing time of year of visitsVideoSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 22Data Analysis• Through interaction with views, analysts can pose queries and look for answers• “For these people on this date, did they ever meet prior to that?”• Can also ask questions for unknown people (match a ?)Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 23Data Attributes Explored• Weekly circuits• Weather effects• Biweekly circuits• Particular hotel characteristics• Groups & gatherings• Non-periodic regular visitsSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 24Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 25Study 3• DateLens• Helping people better manage their calendars and appointments on a handheld display• Uses technique called a “fisheye view” we will learn about later in termBederson et alACM ToCHI ‘04Particulars• Who – Everyday people• Problem – How to show a potentially large amount of appointment information in a small number of screen pixels (and allow flexibility for different tasks)• Data – Set of appointmentsSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 26Premise• At different points in time, you want different perspective on your appts.− See how my month looks− What’s happening later this week− Am I double-booked this afternoonSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 27Technique• Adopts fisheye view technique − Focus item(s) shown in more detail while context still visible, but simplified• Interaction is key with smooth transitionsSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 28Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 29Different PerspectivesMonth view Zooming to a week Zooming to a dayVideoSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 30Reactions?• Thoughts and impressions?Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 31Spring 2009 CS 4460/7450 32Study 4• WireVis• Helping Bank of America examine wire transfers of money• Want to detect fraud and illegal actionsChang et alInformation Visualization ‘08Thanks to R. Changfor some slide contentParticulars• Who – Bank analysts• Problem – Detect money laundering and fraud in wire transfers of money• Data – Electronic records of wire transactions and information associated with eachSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 33Background• Wire transfers of money can be complex− Have a “from” and “to” but often many “middlemen− May not know who intermediaries are• Millions of transfers per day occur− Vast majority are legal• Bank has legal responsibility to report suspicious activitiesSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 34Data• Each transaction:− Money amount− Payer (could be third party)− Payee (could be an agent)− Potential intermediaries− Addresses of payer and payee, instructions, additional comments are optionalSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 35ChallengesSpring 2009 CS 4460/7450 36IndonesiaCharlotte, NCSingaporeLondonNo Standard Form…When a wire leaves Bank of


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