Didi HillPolitical Science 102 9:40-10-55October 30, 2013Chapter 9 Study Guide Answers1. Public policy is any decision or action by a governmental authority that results in the allocation of something that is valued. Examples: A security unit can arrest a suspected terrorist; A national government can decide to declare war on a rival country2. 1) to classify and compare various types of public policies by means of taxonomy 2) analyze the various stages of the policy process and attempts to explain the dynamics at each stage 3) studies the impacts of a particular public policy because what matters is how the policy makes a difference in the lives of the individuals and the groups 4) more prescriptive, evaluating what public policy ought to be implemented, given existing goals, conditions, and resources. 3. 1) Distributive: providing goods and services, beneficial, mainly money given to people to perform these tasks 2) Redistributive: taking one thing from a place and giving it to another place 3) Regulatory: controls the manner to which you do something, limits actions, examples: speed limit, abortions 4) Extractive: taking money 5) Symbolic: giving someone a medal for service4. Sequence of events from idea to completion of the idea; 1) Issue Identification 2) Problem Definition 3) Specification of Alternatives 4) Policy Selection 5) Implementation 6) Evaluation5. Every public policy affects someone’s interests therefore there will always be people against or for the public policy being established.6. 1) the elite approach 2) the class approach 3) the pluralist approach; they each provide adifferent explanation of how politics works, how influenced is exercised, and what forcesseem to shape the decision that result in public policy7. Politics(the struggle for power to control policy) and political stratification(the population that is segmented into separate groups that are in layers with higher or loweramounts of power); the two major strata: does more of what there is to do(in the public policy process) and gets more of what there is to get(in valued impacts from policy decisions) Mass: does less and gets less; the third stratum is the political understructure: political officials and administrators who carry out the elite’s policy directives8. Stratification; Classes: a large group of individuals who are similar in their possession of or control over some fundamental value9. He is the nest-known class theorist, he differentiates classes primarily on the basis of a group’s relationship to the major factors of production in the economic system; heseparates society into 2 classes: 1) the capitalist class: includes those who own significant amounts of the major factors of production 2) the proletariat class: includes those who own little more their own labor10. They usually identify more than just 2 major class strata, characterized by political, social, and economic; some argue that it is control (rather than ownership) of the meansof production that is most important; some point out that the key elements that distinguish different class strata are status, kinship, ethnicity, religion, or tradition-based authority; others posit that possession of knowledge and information resources has become the crucial resource distinguishing classes in postindustrial, high-tech societies11. Class Conflict12. The lower class can overthrow the higher class meaning a new class gains dominance in the system13. Multiple groups compete actively in the pursuit of their political interests; By the group which is any aggregate of individuals who interact to pursuit a common interest14. 1) group memberships are multiple and overlapping 2)many different political resources might influence those who make public policy decisions15. The fundamental feature of society in both is stratification, the government is one of thekey mechanisms controlled by the dominant group and the government’s policy decisions are intended to maintain that group’s domination16. Rejection of the notion of social stratification, it conceptualizes a sociopolitical world composed of many groups, with each individual belonging to multiple