Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Chapter 10Our StarCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.LCROSS• Goal is to bang the crap out of the Moonwith a Centaur rocket• The impact is observed by a followingspacecraft which impacts a few minuteslater.Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Thud?Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.The crash…nothing…Sort of somethingCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.!"#"$"%& ' ( )*+%,-%$.,/,%,(0 $ 1 )23&4!"#"$"%& ' ( )*+%,-%$.,/,%,(0 $ 1 )23&45'4%40&42$&(5'4%40&42$&("%&'()* + % , - % $ # 67-(88 , & & 44"%&'()* + % , - % $ # 67-(88 , & & 44.'9$:(0$;('%4.'9$:(0$;('%4.,'4-&('<$"%&'()*+%,-%$.,/,%,(0.,'4-&('<$"%&'()*+%,-%$.,/,%,(0#-,40-4$;,%%,(0$.,'4-&('3&4#-,40-4$;,%%,(0$.,'4-&('3&4!"#"$=432>63'&4'%!"#"$=432>63'&4'%?-&(74'$@<$ABBC?-&(74'$@<$ABBCCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.NASA Advisory Council StructureNASA Advisory CouncilAeronautics CommitteeAudit and FinanceCommitteeExplorationCommitteeHuman Capital CommitteeScience Committee Space Operations CommitteeAstrophysicsSubcommitteeEarth ScienceSubcommitteeHeliophysicsSubcommitteePlanetary ScienceSubcommitteePlanetary ProtectionSubcommittee(TBR)ExoPAGCORPAG(Proposed)PhysPAG(Proposed)Possible othercommittees(TBD)To beupdated…Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.NASA 2010 StrategicScience Goals: Astrophysics• Study the physics of the cosmos at the mostfundamental levels, explore how the universe wesee today emerged from chaos, and search forhabitable worlds orbiting other stars.Key Science Questions:• How does the universe work at its mostfundamental levels and under the most extremeconditions?• How did the universe evolve to produce thegalaxies, stars, and planets we see today?• What are the characteristics of planetary systemsabout other stars, and how common are planetscapable of harboring life?Can APS recommend revisions to these and createResearch Objectives?Draft Revised Astrophysics Science Goals and QuestionsCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Meeting National NeedsAstrophysics supports… “increasingour understanding of the universeand our place in it.” (OSTP-OMBFY2011 Budget Priorities Memo)• Basic R&D on the fundamental laws ofnature that ultimately drive innovationand long-term economic growth.– The cosmos is a frontier for defining the newphysics of the 21st century.• International science and technologycooperation across a broad suite ofscience disciplines.• Highly synergistic cutting-edgetechnology with applications in nationalsecurity, commercial space imaging,medical imaging and data processing,cancer treatment, materials research, etc.• Nobel Prize-winning research thatenriches society and fills the nextgeneration with excitement, wonder andhope.– Astronomy and the search for life in theuniverse permeate modern society, setting thecontext for life as we know it and appealingto basic questions of our origins anduniqueness.8Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.99HST SM4 – Early Release ObservationsHubble Space Telescope SM4! Launched – May 11 at 2:02 PM.! Rate Sensor Units – replaced! WFC3 – installed! SI C&DH – installed! COS – installed! New batteries – installed! ACS – wide field channel repaired ! STIS – repaired! Fine Guidance Sensor – replaced! New Outer Blankets 5, 7 & 8 – replaced! Soft Capture Mechanism – installedReboost – not required10“Liftoff of the Delta-2Rocket with Kepler, on asearch for planets in someway like our own.”March 6, 2009 10:48 PMApril 9, 2009 10:48 PMFirst Light image showingdetector layout and star field.Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.11Astrophysics Division MissionsCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.(ESA)(JAXA)(ESA)\Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Astrophysics FY2010 President's Budget andEstimates for 2011 - 20230.0200.0400.0600.0800.01,000.01,200.01,400.01,600.0FY07FY 08FY 09FY 10FY 11FY 12FY 13FY 14FY 15FY 16FY 17FY 18FY 19FY 20FY 21FY 22FY 23Fiscal Year$MFuture MissionsForm, Dev & OpMissionsMission EnablingProgram Mgmt &Other• Assumed operating missions beyond 2016 include JWST, SOFIA• HST De-orbit mission development ramps up ~2020• “Future Missions” wedge would be used for new mission initiatives, R&A/technology augmentations, extended missions, etc.• The amount of “Future Missions” funding available between 2013 – 2020 is ~$4BBudget Guidance for Decadal SurveyCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.FY2010 AstrophysicsProgram ContentFY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14FY10 President Submit 1,281.3 1,120.9 1,074.1 1,042.8 1,126.3 1,139.6Cosmic Origins 819.2 667.2 598.9 550.3 523.8 452.3James Webb Space Telescope 446.9 441.4 385.1 354.6 335.6 259.8HST 207.7 112.6 101.6 94.6 91.1 93.2SOFIA 72.8 72.8 74.0 75.8 77.6 79.1Spitzer 71.7 27.1 23.9 8.2 0.3SR&T 5.2 6.7 9.6 11.5 12.5Future Missions 20.0 8.1 7.6 7.5 7.7 7.7Physics of the Cosmos 128.3 147.7 188.5 213.9 291.4 330.3Fermi (GLAST) 13.2 22.2 23.0 23.8 24.0 24.5Herschel / Planck 23.6 31.9 29.6 29.4 27.3 14.4Chandra / GP-B / INTEGRAL / XMM 69.7 66.1 62.5 58.0 55.3 58.7JDEM 8.5 6.4SR&T 2.8 4.9 7.2 9.2 11.2 12.5LISA, Con-X, Future and Management 10.5 16.2 66.2 93.5 173.7 220.2Exoplanet Exploration 68.1 46.2 57.3 86.9 123.5 167.3Kepler 25.2 20.1 14.8 14.3 8.6SIM 20.0 2.0SR&T 11.0 13.3 12.7 14.2 15.5 15.9Future Missions/Keck/LBTI/ Management 12.0 10.8 29.8 58.4 99.4 151.5Astrophysics Explorer 130.7 107.9 69.5 26.6 10.4 1.7WISE 65.2 13.0 5.2 1.6 0.2NuSTAR 38.7 59.5 33.7 6.8 6.4Astro-H / SXS 9.9 10.9 11.3 3.1 3.8 1.7Operating Explorers 16.9 24.4 19.3 15.1Astrophysics Research 135.0 151.9 160.0 165.0 177.2 188.0Research and Analysis 60.0 61.1 62.5 64.0 66.2 67.8ADCAR / ADP / Senior Review 28.0 37.3 41.4 41.5 51.0 56.9Balloons 24.6 26.7 28.8 32.4 33.2 35.8SMD Administrative 22.4 26.9 27.2 27.0 26.9 27.5Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.10.1 A Closer Look at the SunOur goals for learning:• Why does the Sun shine?• What is the Sun’s structure?Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Why does the Sun shine?Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Is it on FIRE?Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Is it on FIRE? Luminosity~ 10,000 yearsChemical Energy ContentCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Is it on FIRE? … NO! Luminosity~ 10,000 yearsChemical Energy ContentCopyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Is it CONTRACTING?Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.Is it CONTRACTING?LuminosityGravitational Potential Energy~ 25 million yearsKelvin-Helmholtz
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