History 1312: U.S. History Since 1865 Fall 2013 Study Aid – Unit 1 This is a study guide intended to be of some assistance in preparing for your exam. It is NOT definitive. Reconstruction Myths of Reconstruction Accomplishments of Reconstruction Failures of Reconstruction Black Codes KKK Redeemers Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Jim Crow Laws & segregation Presidential Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction Black Reconstruction 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments Civil Rights Acts Andrew Johnson Reconstruction Act 1867 Freedman’s Bureau Radical Republicans Tenure of Office Act Election of 1876 Bargain of 1877 “unsettling” nature of corporations Era of the Railroads Robber Barons Captains of Industry Competition & Consolidation Homestead Act 1862 Comstock Lode 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie Ghost Dance Religion / Wounded Knee Massacre Dawes Act The Gilded Age Leisure Activities /Cheap Amusements (Gilded Age) Frederick Law Olmsted Corruption and Machine Politics “Boss” Tweed Interstate Commerce Commission Civil Service Act/Commission Sherman Anti-trust Act Social Darwinism Munn v. Illinois (1877) Great Railroad Strike of 1877 Knights of Labor; American Federation of Labor Booker T. Washington & “Self-help” Social Gospel Gospel of Wealth Haymarket Affair Populist movement Homestead Strike Pullman Strike Eugene V. Debs Coxey’s army Election of 1896 “Free Silver” William Jennings Bryan Chinese exclusion laws New vs. Old immigrants Nativism Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Muckrakers Fordism Progressivism Social Gospel Scientific Management/Reform Darwinism “Taylorism” Socialism in America IWW Progressive era feminism Margaret Sanger Jane Addams Frances Willard & WCTU Women’s Suffrage (E. C. Stanton, S. B. Anthony) Roosevelt & Progressivism Robert M. La Follette Old vs. New Diplomacy W. H. Seward: Midway & Alaska Samoa; Hawaii USS Baltimore affair A.T. Mahan & the New Navy Weyler’s “Reconcentration” policy Yellow journalism USS Maine De Lome Letter Spanish-American War Teller Amendment Emilio Aguinaldo Platt Amendment Open Door policy Roosevelt Corollary Panama Canal 1903 Taft & Dollar Diplomacy Wilson & Moral DiplomacyPOSSIBLE Short Answer questions (or variations thereof): Only TWO (2) will be provided on the exam, you will choose 1 to write about (a fully-developed answer – often about a page in length). Notice that most of these overlap with the Essay questions so studying all of these can only HELP you! 1. How was a system of racial segregation established in the South? Describe the process of the re-subjugation of Black Americans during and after Reconstruction, especially tracing the role of the Supreme Court and the rise of “Jim Crow” politics. 2. Why did religion and education play such a key role in African American culture in the South during the Reconstruction era? Give examples of how both areas were important to black life. 3. How was the West transformed economically and socially in the decades after the Civil War? 4. What attitudes did white settlers and those in the U.S. government have toward Native Americans after the Civil War? Describe the ways in which Native Americans attempted to resist white domination of their culture 5. Describe the importance of the railroad to the successful development of America’s “second” Industrial Revolution. Why were railroads “America’s first big business”? How did they help to foster a “managerial revolution”? How were railroads key to Western expansion? And to the growth of cities? Discuss the ways in which the development of the railroads stimulated the economy of late nineteenth-century America. 6. What were the conditions that led to the mass immigration from Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? What conditions made the U.S. an attractive country for immigrants? 7. Boss rule was made possible by the weaknesses of city government. How did rapid urban growth contribute to the rise of boss-dominated political machines? What services did city bosses provide for immigrants that helped entrench machine power? Why did political reformers receive so little support for their efforts to “throw the rascals out?” 8. Explain why there were so many strikes between 1875 and 1900 if the real wages of workers were rising. What was the new pattern of industrial work, and how did it affect workers? Why were unions weak at this time? 9. What brought about the modern city, and what factors accounted for the urban explosion of the late nineteenth century? What geographic look did modern cities take, and how did they continue to function as they grew to enormous size? What was the impact of city life on women and African Americans? 10. How did mass consumption practices and mass entertainment activities help to tie the nation together in the late nineteenth century? 11. Discuss the three most important reasons for the rise and fall of Populism. What role did the election of 1896 play in its demise? 12. What role did women play in progressive reform, and how did their participation shape the movement? To what extent did they benefit from the era’s reforms? 13. In what ways were immigration restriction, prohibition, and attacks on vice “progressive” reforms? 14. Compare and contrast the New Nationalism and the New Freedom. In your view, which was a more realistic approach to the concentration of corporate and industrial power? 15. Compare and contrast progressives and populists. Why were progressives more successful reformers? 16. What social, economic, and cultural factors drew the United States into the race for empire? Discuss the major motives Americans had for expanding overseas. Describe the methods they had available for expanding. 17. How were the Platt Amendment and the Roosevelt Corollary used to justify American intervention in Latin America? 18. What were the causes of the Spanish-American War? Who was fighting whom? What did each side win or lose in the 1898 Treaty of Paris?Possible Essay Questions (4 of these will be on the exam; you will choose 1 of those 4 to write about): [Remember, you will want to make an argument/thesis that is supported by key points, each of which is supported by evidence that you’ve learned in lecture and readings.] 1. Reconstruction is generally divided into two phases: a presidential phase and a congressional phase. Cite the programs and policies of each, indicating how the two differed (if they did), and whether or not