Oglethorpe PSY 307 - The History and Methods of Cognitive Psychology

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The History and Methods of Cognitive PsychologyWhat is Cognitive Psychology?Cognitive activitiesWhat is the “mind” ?The history of studying cognitionsDonders simple reaction time vs. choice reaction timeEbbinghausSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Cognitive RevolutionA typical information-processing model.A typical connectionist model.Slide 14MethodsSlide 16Slide 17Brain Imaging Computerized Tomography (CT)Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Issues with Brain ImagingSlide 23Slide 24The History and Methods of Cognitive PsychologyCognitive PsychologySorensonWhat is Cognitive Psychology?The branch of psychology that studies how we perceive, attend, recognize, remember, reason, decide…what happens in our mindsCognitive activitiesPerceptionAttentionMemoryLanguageReasoning and Decision makingWhat is the “mind” ?How can we study the inner workings of the mind when we can’t “see” the mind?NativismThe history of studying cognitionsGreeks – 19th centuryEmpiricismDonders simple reaction time vs. choice reaction timestimulusmental processbehaviorReaction timeEbbinghausGestalt psychologyBehaviorismRejected mentalistic concepts Dealt solely with observable behaviorCognitive RevolutionProposed that mental states could be studied (reaction to behaviorists)Some results…Human factors engineeringLimited-capacity processorsThe magical number seven, plus or minus twoLinguisticsA typical information-processing model.Paradigms of Cognitive PsychologyA typical connectionist model.Paradigms of Cognitive PsychologySo how do we study cognition?MethodsNaturalistic observation Ecological validity Experimenter control  Observer bias Observation causing changes in subjects’ behaviorshttp://www.pocketcashatms.com/attachments/Image/ATM_use.jpgMethodsIntrospectionInsight Ecological validityExperimenter control Observer biasCan you really observe something while doing it?http://paulbuckley14059.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/introspection.jpgMethodsExperiments/Quasi-experimentsExperimenter control Isolate causal factorsMay not be ecologically validhttp://www.lightalongthejourney.com/Images/labrat.jpgBrain ImagingComputerized Tomography (CT)CT scanners use x-ray technology to view brain structure© Ribotsky/Custom Medical Stock Photo Normal Twin Twin w/ Schizophreniadetects strong magnetic fields from hydrogen atomsCourtesy Todd A. GouldBrain ImagingMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)http://lcni.uoregon.edu/images/gallery/Machine1500x375.pnghttp://www.sandybeardsley.com/images/mri2.jpgMeasures brain activity based on the utilization of radioactive glucose or oxygen.Courtesy Dept. of Energy Office of Public AffairsBrain ImagingPositron Emission Tomography (PET)uses a series of images taken in a short period of time to analyze brain activity.Brain ImagingFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)Issues with Brain ImagingSubtraction methodLocation of blood/nutrientsInteractivityScalp electrodes provide information about the activity of large populations of neurons.Used to study states of consciousness (sleep/wake) and seizures.Copyright © 2004 Allyn and BaconOther Recording TechniquesElectroencephalogram (EEG)Series of EEG responses to environmental stimuliUseful in studying perceptionOther Recording Techniques Evoked Potentials


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Oglethorpe PSY 307 - The History and Methods of Cognitive Psychology

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