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Penn CIT 597 - Java Server Pages Lecture Notes

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JSPA “Hello World” servlet (from the Tomcat installation documentation)ServletsHow JSP worksJSP scripting elementsExample JSPVariablesScriptletsThe case against scriptletsDeclarationsDirectivesThe include directiveActionsJSP in XMLCommentsThe EndJan 13, 2019JSPJava Server PagesReference: http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/Servlet-Tutorial/Servlet-Tutorial-JSP.html2A “Hello World” servlet(from the Tomcat installation documentation)public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String docType = "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 " + "Transitional//EN\">\n"; out.println(docType + "<HTML>\n" + "<HEAD><TITLE>Hello</TITLE></HEAD>\n" + "<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" + "<H1>Hello World</H1>\n" + "</BODY></HTML>"); }}This is mostly Java with a little HTML mixed in3ServletsThe purpose of a servlet is to create a Web page in response to a client requestServlets are written in Java, with a little HTML mixed inThe HTML is enclosed in out.println( ) statementsJSP (Java Server Pages) is an alternate way of creating servletsJSP is written as ordinary HTML, with a little Java mixed inThe Java is enclosed in special tags, such as <% ... %>The HTML is known as the template textJSP files must have the extension .jspJSP is translated into a Java servlet, which is then compiledServlets are run in the usual wayThe browser or other client sees only the resultant HTML, as usualTomcat knows how to handle servlets and JSP pages4How JSP worksWhen Tomcat needs to use a JSP page, it:Translates the JSP into a Java servletCompiles the servletCreates one instance of the JSP servletExecutes the servlet as normal Java codeHence, when you are writing JSP, you are writing “higher-level” Java codeEach call to the JSP servlet is executed in a new ThreadSince there is only one JSP object, you have to use synchronization if you use any instance variables of the servletYou have two basic choices when using JSP:Let the JSP do all the work of a servletWrite a servlet that does the work and passes the results to JSP to create the resultant HTML pageThis works because a servlet can call another servletBottom line: JSP is just a convenient way of writing Java code!5JSP scripting elementsThere is more than one type of JSP “tag,” depending on what you want done with the Java<%=He xpressionH%> The e xpression is evaluated and the result is inserted into the HTML page<%HcodeH%>The co de is inserted into the servlet's service methodIf code contains declarations, they become local variables of the service methodThis construction is called a scriptlet  <%!HdeclarationsH%>The de c larations are inserted into the servlet class, not into a methodHence, declarations made here become instance variables6Example JSP<HTML><BODY>Hello!H The time is now <%= new java.util.Date() %></BODY></HTML>Notes:The <%= ... %> tag is used, because we are computing a value and inserting it into the HTMLThe fully qualified name (java.util.Date) is used, instead of the short name (Date), because we haven’t yet talked about how to do import declarations7VariablesYou can declare your own variables, as usualJSP provides several predefined variablesrequest : The HttpServletRequest parameterresponse : The HttpServletResponse parametersession : The HttpSession associated with the request, or null if there is noneout : A JspWriter (like a PrintWriter) used to send output to the clientExample:Your hostname: <%= request.getRemoteHost() %>8ScriptletsScriptlets are enclosed in <% ... %> tagsScriptlets are executable code and do not directly affect the HTMLScriptlets may write into the HTML with out.print(v alue ) and out.println(value)Example:<% String queryData = request.getQueryString(); out.println("Attached GET data: " + queryData); %>Scriptlets are inserted into the servlet exactly as written, and are not compiled until the entire servlet is compiledExample:<% if (Math.random() < 0.5) { %> Have a <B>nice</B> day!<% } else { %> Have a <B>lousy</B> day!<% } %>9The case against scriptletsOne of the principle motivations for JSP is to allow Web designers who are not Java programmers to get some of the features of Java into their pagesHence, in some cases it is desirable to put as little actual Java into your JSP as possibleWhere this is a goal, a better approach is to provide the necessary Java functionality via methods in a class that is loaded along with the servlet10DeclarationsUse <%! ... %> for declarations to be added to your servlet class, not to any particular methodCaution: Servlets are multithreaded, so nonlocal variables must be handled with extreme careIf declared with <% ... %>, variables are local and OKIf declared with <%! ... %>, variables may need to be synchronizedData can also safely be put in the request or session objectsExample:<%! private int accessCount = 0; %> Accesses to page since server reboot: <%= ++accessCount %>You can use <%! ... %> to declare methods as easily as to declare variables11DirectivesDirectives affect the servlet class itselfA directive has the form: <%@ dir ec tive attribute="value" %>or <%@ direc t i ve attribute1="val ue1" attribute2="value2" ... attributeN="valueN" %>The most useful directive is page, which lets you import packagesExample: <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>12The include directiveThe include directive inserts another file into the file being parsedThe included file is treated as just more JSP, hence it can include static HTML, scripting elements, actions, and directivesSyntax: <%@ include file="URL " %>The URL is treated as relative to the JSP pageIf the URL begins with a slash, it is treated as relative to the home directory of the Web serverThe include directive is especially useful for inserting things like navigation bars13ActionsActions are XML-syntax tags used to control the servlet engine<jsp:include page="URL " flush="true" />Inserts the indicated relative URL at execution time (not at compile time, like the include directive does)This is great for rapidly changing data<jsp:forward


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Penn CIT 597 - Java Server Pages Lecture Notes

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