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1 Frameworks 1. Objectives ......................................................................................... 2 2. Frameworks....................................................................................... 3 3. Classification ..................................................................................... 3 4. Example: Components for Java (BC4J) ............................................. 6 5. Existing Frameworks ......................................................................... 9 6. Presistence Frameworks .................................................................. 11 7. Content Management System Frameworks ...................................... 11 8. Cocoon Framework ......................................................................... 12 9. Summary ......................................................................................... 132 1. Objectives - A framework is not a library - Components in a library have little, if any, interaction with each other (e.g., string, file, date, list). - Each component can be independently added to an application. - Building complex applications from scratch is very expensive. - Where are we in the software life cycle? Requirements Design Implementation …. Software Architectures Components Software Component Architecture DSSA: Domain-Specific Software Architectures Frameworks Design Patterns Which Programming language?3 2. Frameworks - There are no hard and fast rules as to what constitutes a framework. In general, it should provide the skeleton of an application. - A framework is a partially complete (sub-) system that is intended to be instantiated. - It defines the architecture for a family of (sub-) systems and provides the basic building blocks to create them. - It also defines the places where adaptations for specific functionality should be made. - In an object-oriented environment a framework consists of abstract and concrete classes. 3. Classification - There are two categories of frameworks: o Horizontal o Vertical - Horizontal framework: o It is a more general framework and can be applied in several applications. o Horizontal frameworks provide the most flexibility. o Example: GUI toolkits, Master/detail coordination. - Vertical framework: o It a more specific framework. o It can only be applied to a specific application domain.4 o Example:  If you need to build an inventory control system, you might find that a precooked inventory framework is a good way to jump-start your development effort.  A statistical analysis framework for economic data can only be applied to financial applications. - There are three variables that can distinguish a vertical framework from a horizontal framework: o The level of generality: The number of applications that can potentially use features in the framework o The average portion of the framework that is used per application: The average utilization of the framework. For example, x percent of classes in a framework are in a typical application. o The average portion of code in an application that is built from the framework - Horizontal framework: Portion of Application Generality Portion of Framework used5 - Vertical Framework: Portion of Application Generality Portion of Framework used6 4. Example: Components for Java (BC4J) http://technet.oracle.com/tech/java/jroadmap/bc4j/listing.htm - What is BC4J? o Oracle Business Components for Java (BC4J) is Oracle JDeveloper's programming framework for building scalable, multi-tier database applications from reusable business components. o It is a 100%-Java, XML-powered framework that enables productive development, portable deployment, and flexible customization of multitier. o BC4J Architecture:  BC4J is the middle layer in a relational environment: - Why BC4J? o Why would you connect to a database using JDBC? o Why would you use java.sql.* or SQLJ to interact with the database? o Why would you create all the database tables manually? Java Application BC4J Database7 - Different Types of BC4J Components o Application Module (AM)  Provides a logical container for view objects, view links, and transactions  Takes care of database connections  Takes care of row locking o Entity Object (EO)  Provides a wrapper for database structures  Create an EO for each table, view, or stored procedure  EOs contain Attributes, corresponding to columns or procedure parameters o View Object (VO)  Hide the complexity of the database from the application  Uses SQL query to specify filtered subsets of data from one or more EO  VO Attributes correspond to EO Attributes  Provide cached, navigable, modifiable result sets  Provide runtime dynamic linking, sorting, and filtering o Association  Defines the relationship between two entity objects. o View Link  Defines the relationship between two view objects. Java Application VO VO … … VO VO AM BC4J EO EO … … EO EO Database8 - A BC4J system o An XML file, and possibly one or more JAVA files, represents each BC4J component o The XML file stores metadata while the Java file stores the object's code that implements application-specific behavior. o The following figure shows the relationship between different components in the BC4J framework at the runtime.9 5. Existing Frameworks - Examples of Existing Frameworks: - Aranea - Apache Cocoon - Apache Struts - ATK - Achievo ToolKit - Biscuit - BinaryCloud - BlueShoes - CakePHP - Catalyst - Cocoon - Django - eZ publish - Fusebox - Helma - Horde - InternetBeans Express - JavaServerFaces - Jerrata Backbone - Jifty - Karrigell - Mach-II - Maypole - Millstone - OpenACS - OpenMocha - Ozone PHP Framework - PageKit - PHP on TRAX - PRADO - Pylons - Quixote - Radicore - RIFE - Ruby on Rails - Seagull - Seam - Spring - Stripes - Symfony - Tapestry - Trailes - TurboGears - web.py - WebObjects - WebWork - Wicket - Zend - Zope - ZK - Java Web Application Frameworks o Struts Action o Struts Shale o Java Server Faces o WebWork o Tapestry o Wicket o Cocoon o RIFE10 o Seam o Spring o Stripes o Trails o InternetBeans Express11 6. Presistence Frameworks - Persistence Frameworks o A persistence framework moves the program data in its most natural form (in


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GWU CSCI 210 - Frameworks

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