PHYS 3446 Lecture #1Slide Number 2GradingAttendance and Class StylePhysics HistoryPhysics HistoryCourse Material High Energy Physics at UTA Structure of MatterSlide Number 10Slide Number 11Role of Particle AcceleratorsFermilab Tevatron and CERN LHCThe International Linear ColliderParticle IdentificationSlide Number 16The Standard ModelSlide Number 18Building Detectors at UTAHigh Energy Physics Training + JobsMy Main Research InterestsDØ Forward Proton Detector (FPD)Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26ATLAS Forward Protons: A (10) Picosecond Window on the Higgs BosonSlide Number 28Slide Number 29Micro-Channel Plate Photomultiplier Tube (MCP-PMT)Ultra-fast Timing Issues Laser TestsSlide Number 33Slide Number 34Slide Number 35Aside: Measuring Speed of EM WavesNew Multi-Channel Laser SetupPre-lecture ConclusionsSummaryPHYS 3446 Lecture #1Monday Aug 30, 2010Dr. Andrew Brandt1. Syllabus and Introduction2. High Energy Physics at UTAThanks to Dr. Yu for developing initial electronic version of this classPlease turn off your cell-phones, pagers and laptops in classhttp://www-hep.uta.edu/~brandta/teaching/fa2010/teaching.htmlMy Background+ResearchB.S. Physics and Economics College of William&Mary 1985PH.D. UCLA/CERN High Energy Physics 1992(UA8 Experiment-discovered hard diffraction) 1992-1999 Post-doc and Wilson Fellow at Fermilab-Discovered hard color singlet exchange-1997 PECASE Award for contributions to diffraction-Proposed and built (with collaborators from Brazil) DØ Forward Proton Detector-QCD Physics Convenor-Trigger Meister1999-2004 UTA Assistant Prof .; 2004-2010 Assoc. Prof.; Today- Professor- DOE OJI, NSF MRI, Texas ARP awards for DØ FPD-2005 started fast timing work (ARP, DOE ADR)-2007 Grant on WMD detection using nanoparticles w/Dr. Chen-2008 sabbatical on ATLASGrading• Only test is a Midterm: 25%– No Final– Test will be curved if necessary– No makeup tests• Homework: 20% (no late homework)• Lab score: 25% (details soon)• Project: 20% (a look at early ATLAS data or a report/presentation on important events in particle physics?)•Pop Quizzes: 10%Attendance and Class Style• Attendance: – is STRONGLY encouraged, to aid your motivation I give pop quizzes• Class style:– Lectures will be primarily on electronic media• The lecture notes will be posted AFTER each class– Will be mixed with traditional methods (blackboard)–Active participation through questions and discussion are STRONGLYencouragedPhysics History• Classical Physics: forces, motion, work, energy, E&M, (Galileo, Newton, Faraday, Maxwell)• In modern physics (Einstein, Planck, Bohr) we covered relativity, models for the atom, some statistical mechanics, and finished with a bit of discussion about the nucleus and binding energy circa 1930 when the neutron was discovered• What’s new since 1930?Physics History• I’m going to have to respectfully disagree with you Leonard…• 1937 muon discovered (who ordered that?)• With advent of particle accelerators came particle zoo• There was a need to classify all the new particles being discovered and try to understand the underlying forces and theoryCourse Material • Nuclear Physics – Models of atom– Cross sections– Radiation• High Energy Experiment– Energy deposition in matter– Particle detector techniques– Accelerators• HEP Phenomenology– Elementary particle interactions– Symmetries– The Standard Model– Beyond the Standard ModelHigh Energy Physics at UTAUTA faculty Andrew Brandt, Kaushik De, Amir Farbin, Andrew White, Jae Yu along with many post-docs, graduate and undergraduate students investigate the basic forces of nature through particle physics studies at the world’s highest energy acceleratorsIn the background is a photo of a sub-detector of the 5000 ton DØ detector. This sub-detector was designed and built at UTA and is currently operating at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory near Chicago.Structure of MattercmMatter10-9mMolecule10-10m10-14mAtom NucleusAtomic PhysicsNuclearPhysicsHigh energy means small distancesNano-Science/Chemistry10-15mu<10-18mQuarkBaryonElectron<10-19mprotons, neutrons,mesons, etc.π,Ω,Λ...top, bottom,charm, strange,up, downHigh Energy Physics(Hadron)(Lepton)Periodic TableAll atoms are madeof protons, neutronsand electronsHelium NeonuduuddProtonNeutronElectronGluons hold quarks togetherPhotons hold atoms togetherWhat is High Energy Physics? Matter/Forces at the most fundamental level. Great progress! The “STANDARD MODEL” BUT… many mysteries=> Why so many quarks/leptons??=> Why four forces?? Unification?=> Where does mass come from??=> Are there higher symmetries??⇒What is the “dark matter”?? ⇒Will the LHC create a black hole that destroys the Earth? NO! See: http://public.web.cern.ch/Public/en/LHC/Safety-en.htmlRole of Particle Accelerators• Smash particles together• Act as microscopes and time machines– The higher the energy, the smaller object to be seen– Particles that only existed at a time just after the Big Bang can be made• Two method of accelerator based experiments:– Collider Experiments: pp, pp, e+e-, ep– Fixed Target Experiments: Particles on a target– Type of accelerator depends on research goalsFermilab Tevatron and CERN LHC• Currently Highest Energy proton-anti-proton collider– Ecm=1.96 TeV (=6.3x10-7J/p13M Joules on 10-4m2)⇒Equivalent to the K.E. of a 20 ton truck at a speed 81 mi/hrChicago↓Tevatronpp CDFDØFermilab: http://www.fnal.gov/ ; DØ: http://www-d0.fnal.gov/CERN: http://www.cern.ch/ ; ATLAS: http://atlas.web.cern.ch/• Highest Energy (proton-proton) collider since fall 2009 – Ecm=14 TeV (=44x10-7J/p1000M Joules on 10-4m2)⇒Equivalent to the K.E. of a 20 ton truck at a speed 711 mi/hr⇒Currently 7 TeV collisions1500 physicists130 institutions30 countries5000 physicists250 institutions60 countriesThe International Linear Collider33km=21miEuropean Design500 GeV (800 GeV)47 km=29 miUS Design500 GeV (1 TeV)• Long~ linear electron-position colliders• Optimistically 15 years from now• Takes 10 years to build an accelerator and the detectorsDr.White is co-spokesmanof SiD detectorParticle IdentificationInteractionPointelectronphotonjetmuonneutrino (or any non-interacting particle missing transverse momentum)ÄBScintillating FiberSilicon TrackingCharged Particle TracksCalorimeter (dense)EM hadronicEnergyWire ChambersMagnetMuon TracksWe know x,y
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