Maintaining a File SystemFile System Integrityutility: fsck -p [fileSystem]fsck (file system check) scans the specified file systems and checks them for consistency. The kind of consistency errors that can exist include:• A block is marked as free in the bitmap but is also referenced from an inode.• A block is marked as used in the bitmap but is never referenced from an inode.• More than one inode refers to the same block.• An invalid block number.• An inode's link count is incorrect.• A used inode is not referenced from any directory.1file system integrityfsck -p [fileSystem]If the -p option is used, fsck automatically corrects any errors that it finds. Without the -p option, it prompts the user for confirmation of any corrections that it suggests. If fsck finds a block that is used but is not associated with a named file, it connects it to a file whose name is equal to the block's inode number in the "/lost+found" directory.If no file systems are specified, fsck checks the standard file systems listed in "/etc/fstab."Linux has specialized fsck programs for different types of file systems. For example, when checking an ext2 or ext3 file system, fsck act as a front-end to e2fsck, which is the program that actually checks the file system.2Display disk statisticsMy disk is full, my files are not saved, why?!@#$ du -- display disk usagedisplays the number of kB that are allocated to each of the specified filenames. If a filename refers to a directory, its files are recursively described-h option displays more human-readable values (i.e., 63844 blocks is displayed as 63M)-s option displays only the grand total (summary) for each file or directorydf -- display free disk space3GrandPerspective under OS X4Display disk statisticsQuotasassigns limits of disk space for usersquota -- display disk usage and limits csquota -- print out all disk quotas for the user5Creating New File SystemWhat needs to be done before you can add a new disk to your systempartition and format the drive (if necessary)create file system on the mediummount disk6Creating New File SystemUtility: mkfs -t type specialFile [ sectorCount ]mkfs creates a new file system on the specified special file. A new file system consists of a superblock, an inode list, a root directory, and a "lost+found" directory. The file system is built to be sectorCount sectors in size. Only a super-user can use this command.mkfs is actually a front-end to a specific file system creator for each specific file system supported (e.g., mke2fs), determined by the file system type specified by type.7Backing up File SystemThe most important task!dump & restoreBackup Utilities8Backing up File SystemCase study: OS X 10.6 Time Machinehow does it workhow does one control itwhat does it storehow do I see what has been backed
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