‘‘runall’’ --- 2007/10/15 --- 13:48 --- page 591 --- #1TablesA NORMAL CURVE TAIL PROBABILITIESB T DISTRIBUTIONC CHI-SQUARED DISTRIBUTIOND F DISTRIBUTION591‘‘runall’’ --- 2007/10/15 --- 13:48 --- page 592 --- #2592 TablesTABLE A: Normal curve tail probabilities. Standard normal probability in right-hand tail (fornegative values of z, probabilities are found by symmetry).0ProbabilityzSecond Decimal Place of zz .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .090.0 .5000 .4960 .4920 .4880 .4840 .4801 .4761 .4721 .4681 .46410.1.4602 .4562 .4522 .4483 .4443 .4404 .4364 .4325 .4286 .42470.2.4207 .4168 .4129 .4090 .4052 .4013 .3974 .3936 .3897 .38590.3.3821 .3783 .3745 .3707 .3669 .3632 .3594 .3557 .3520 .34830.4.3446 .3409 .3372 .3336 .3300 .3264 .3228 .3192 .3156 .31210.5.3085 .3050 .3015 .2981 .2946 .2912 .2877 .2843 .2810 .27760.6.2743 .2709 .2676 .2643 .2611 .2578 .2546 .2514 .2483 .24510.7.2420 .2389 .2358 .2327 .2296 .2266 .2236 .2206 .2177 .21480.8.2119 .2090 .2061 .2033 .2005 .1977 .1949 .1922 .1894 .18670.9.1841 .1814 .1788 .1762 .1736 .1711 .1685 .1660 .1635 .16111.0.1587 .1562 .1539 .1515 .1492 .1469 .1446 .1423 .1401 .13791.1.1357 .1335 .1314 .1292 .1271 .1251 .1230 .1210 .1190 .11701.2.1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .09851.3.0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .08231.4.0808 .0793 .0778 .0764 .0749 .0735 .0722 .0708 .0694 .06811.5.0668 .0655 .0643 .0630 .0618 .0606 .0594 .0582 .0571 .05591.6.0548 .0537 .0526 .0516 .0505 .0495 .0485 .0475 .0465 .04551.7.0446 .0436 .0427 .0418 .0409 .0401 .0392 .0384 .0375 .03671.8.0359 .0352 .0344 .0336 .0329 .0322 .0314 .0307 .0301 .02941.9.0287 .0281 .0274 .0268 .0262 .0256 .0250 .0244 .0239 .02332.0.0228 .0222 .0217 .0212 .0207 .0202 .0197 .0192 .0188 .01832.1.0179 .0174 .0170 .0166 .0162 .0158 .0154 .0150 .0146 .01432.2.0139 .0136 .0132 .0129 .0125 .0122 .0119 .0116 .0113 .01102.3.0107 .0104 .0102 .0099 .0096 .0094 .0091 .0089 .0087 .00842.4.0082 .0080 .0078 .0075 .0073 .0071 .0069 .0068 .0066 .00642.5.0062 .0060 .0059 .0057 .0055 .0054 .0052 .0051 .0049 .00482.6.0047 .0045 .0044 .0043 .0041 .0040 .0039 .0038 .0037 .00362.7.0035 .0034 .0033 .0032 .0031 .0030 .0029 .0028 .0027 .00262.8.0026 .0025 .0024 .0023 .0023 .0022 .0021 .0021 .0020 .00192.9.0019 .0018 .0017 .0017 .0016 .0016 .0015 .0015 .0014 .00143.0.001353.5.0002334.0.00003174.5.000003405.0.000000287Source: R. E. Walpole, Introduction to Statistics (New York: Macmillan, 1968).‘‘runall’’ --- 2007/10/15 --- 13:48 --- page 593 --- #3Tables 593TABLE B: t Distribution Critical Values0ProbabilitytConfidence Level80% 90% 95% 98% 99% 99.8%Right-Tail Probabilitydf t.100t.050t.025t.010t.005t.0011 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.656 318.28921.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 22.32831.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 10.21441.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 7.17351.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 5.89461.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.20871.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.78581.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 4.50191.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.297101.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.144111.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.025121.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.930131.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.852141.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 3.787151.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.733161.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 3.686171.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.646181.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.611191.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.579201.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.552211.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.527221.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.505231.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.485241.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.467251.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.450261.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.435271.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.421281.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.408291.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.396301.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.385401.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.307501.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 3.261601.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.232801.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 3.1951001.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.174q1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.091Source: ‘‘Table of Percentage Points of the t-Distribution.’’ Computed by Maxine Merrington,Biometrika, 32 (1941): 300. Reproduced by permission of the Biometrika trustees.‘‘runall’’ --- 2007/10/15 --- 13:48 --- page 594 --- #4594 TablesTABLE C: Chi-Squared Distribution Values for Various Right-Tail Probabilities0x2ProbabilityRight-Tail Probabilitydf 0.250 0.100 0.050 0.025 0.010 0.005 0.0011 1.32 2.71 3.84 5.02 6.63 7.88 10.8322.77 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.60 13.8234.11 6.25 7.81 9.35 11.34 12.84 16.2745.39 7.78 9.49 11.14 13.28 14.86 18.4756.63 9.24 11.07 12.83 15.09 16.75 20.5267.84 10.64 12.59 14.45 16.81 18.55 22.4679.04 12.02 14.07 16.01 18.48 20.28 24.32810.22 13.36 15.51 17.53 20.09 21.96 26.12911.39 14.68 16.92 19.02 21.67 23.59 27.881012.55 15.99 18.31 20.48 23.21 25.19 29.591113.70 17.28 19.68 21.92 24.72 26.76 31.261214.85 18.55 21.03 23.34 26.22 28.30 32.911315.98 19.81 22.36 24.74 27.69 29.82 34.531417.12 21.06 23.68 26.12 29.14 31.32 36.121518.25 22.31 25.00 27.49 30.58 32.80 37.701619.37 23.54 26.30 28.85 32.00 34.27 39.251720.49 24.77 27.59 30.19 33.41 35.72 40.791821.60 25.99 28.87 31.53 34.81 37.16 42.311922.72 27.20 30.14 32.85 36.19 38.58 43.822023.83 28.41 31.41 34.17 37.57 40.00 45.322529.34 34.38 37.65 40.65 44.31 46.93 52.623034.80 40.26 43.77 46.98 50.89 53.67 59.704045.62 51.80 55.76 59.34 63.69 66.77 73.405056.33 63.17 67.50 71.42 76.15 79.49 86.666066.98 74.40 79.08 83.30 88.38 91.95 99.617077.58 85.53 90.53 95.02 100.4 104.2 112.38088.13 96.58 101.8 106.6 112.3 116.3 124.89098.65 107.6 113.1 118.1 124.1 128.3 137.2100109.1 118.5 124.3 129.6 135.8 140.2 149.5Source: Calculated using StaTable, software from Cytel Software, Cambridge, MA.‘‘runall’’ --- 2007/10/15 --- 13:48 --- page 595 --- #5Tables 595TABLE D: F Distributiona0Fα D .05df1df212345681224q1 161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 238.9 243.9 249.0 254.3218.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.37 19.41 19.45 19.50310.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.84 8.74 8.64 8.5347.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.04 5.91 5.77 5.6356.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.82 4.68 4.53 4.3665.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.15 4.00 3.84 3.6775.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.73 3.57 3.41 3.2385.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.44 3.28 3.12 2.9395.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.23 3.07 2.90 2.71104.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.07 2.91 2.74 2.54114.84 3.98