Slide 1Slide 2Part 1Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Military PrioritiesMission vs. PeopleSlide 9Slide 10Part 2Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Part 3Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20SummaryAPPENDIX OF CHARACTERSSlide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Saving Private RyanCase StudyEthical and Moral Leadership in the MilitaryFrom the Beachhead to From the Beachhead to the Villagethe VillagePart 1Part 1Leadership Authority and ResponsibilityWere the Orders by Capt Miller:•Ethical?•Within the Limits of Authority?•Related to Military Duty?•Clear and Unequivocal?•Received and Understood?Article 1 of the Geneva Convention states:Persons taking no active part in hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, color, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria. The Law of Armed Conflict states:NONCOMBATANTS -- These people include medical personnel, chaplains, POWs, wounded and sick, shipwrecked, parachutists escaping disabled aircraft, and civilians. NONCOMBATANTS are NOT legal targets. A noncombatant poses no military threat to us. Therefore, there is no military necessity (principle I) in targeting them.“Explain the math of this one to me—what’s the sense of risking the lives of the eight of us for just one guy?” -- Pvt. ReibanMilitary PrioritiesMilitary Priorities•1st – Mission•2nd – Higher HQ•3rd – Collateral Units•4th – Unit Welfare•5th – Individuals•6th – Yourself•7th – To Act Decisively•8th -- CommunityMission vs. PeopleMission vs. PeopleCapt Miller (in response to Pvt. Reiban):“There’s a duty as soldiers. We have orders, we have to follow them and that supersedes everything else.”a. Group Egoism (to group)a. Group Egoism (to group) -- acts are judged according to whether their consequences are beneficial or harmful for the entire group (family, tribe, nation) to which they belong. Under any form of egoism, the costs and benefits to ‘others,’ outside of the group, or the leader are given subordinate status or are ignored entirely. b. Deontological (to duty)b. Deontological (to duty) -- comes from the Greek word deon, or duty, since it emphasizes foundational duties or obligations. A moral obligation that a person has towards another person. Duties are actions that are due to someone else, such as paying money that one owes to a creditor. A Leader’s Decision: A Leader’s Decision: for the for the PeoplePeople or for the or for the MissionMission“Many of the decisions made in combat are made on the basis of consequences…weighing the costs and benefits of various alternatives.” -- Dr. Larry Hinman Right vs. Right -- Right vs. WrongRight vs. Right -- Right vs. WrongFrom the Village to From the Village to the Glider the Glider Part 2Part 2“The decent thing to do?”Military PrioritiesMilitary Priorities•1st – Mission•2nd – Higher HQ•3rd – Collateral Units•4th – Unit Welfare•5th – Individuals•6th – Yourself•7th – To Act Decisively•8th -- CommunityA Leader’s RationalizationA Leader’s RationalizationCapt Miller: “When one of your men is killed, you tell yourself it happened to save the lives of 2, 3, 10 maybe 100 others…We’ve lost 94 men…I’ve saved the lives of maybe 10 times that. That’s how simple it is…that’s how you rationalize b/w mission and the man.”1st Sgt. Horvath: “Sir, sometimes the mission is the man!”Capt Miller: “Well, this Ryan better be worth it—he better go home and cure some disease or invent a longer lasting light bulb or something.”Chaplain (Col.) Maloney’s 3 Ethical Pressures Faced by Military Professionals1) Rule-Oriented2) Goal-Oriented3) Situation-OrientedMoving out from the Glider to Moving out from the Glider to the Decision at the Bridgethe Decision at the BridgePart 3Part 3An Unnecessary Risk? To The Mission? To The People?Balancing Considerations“Sir, are you gonna let them kill him? Sir, this isn’t right!” – Cpl. UphamBalancing ConsiderationsBalancing ConsiderationsAn added twist with the decision:we later see the freed soldier returns to fight against them againDisobeying Orders/DissentionWhen do you fire on your fellow soldier?Balancing ConsiderationsSummary•Officers Provide “Sanity Check”–Leadership Authority and Responsibility–Principle, Purpose, People•Blind Obedience is Dangerous–Illegal, Immoral, Unethical Orders–Dissention/Disobeying Orders•The End does not Always Justify the Means–Ethical Pressures•Balancing Considerations–Right vs. Right or Right vs. WrongAPPENDIX OF CHARACTERS• Captain Miller• Private Ryan• Sergeant Horvath• Private Reiban• Private Jackson• Medic Wade• Corporal Upham• Private Melish• Private CaparzoCaptain John Miller• Actor: Tom HanksPrivate James F. Ryan• Actor: Matt DamonSergeant First Class Horvath• Actor: Tom SizemorePrivate Reiban• Actor: Ed Burns• Threatens to walkaway from mission afterletting the POW go.Private Jackson• Actor: Barry Pepper• Competent SniperT/4 Medic Wade• Actor: Giovanni Ribisi• Killed in attack on radar stationCorporal Upham• Actor: Jeremy DaviesPrivate Melish• Actor: Adam GoldbergPrivate Caparzo• Actor: Vin Diesel• Killed by sniper in thevillage trying to savethe