Computers Are Your FutureSlide 2What You Will Learn AboutSlide 4Database ConceptsThe Levels of Data in a DatabaseData TypeSlide 8Types of Database ProgramsSlide 10Relational Database Management SystemsData Warehousing and Data MiningSlide 13Client/Server Database SystemsSlide 15The Internet Connection: Going Public With DataAdvantages of Database Management SystemsInformation Systems: Tools for Global CompetitivenessFunctional Divisions of an OrganizationTransaction Processing Systems (TPSs)Management Information Systems (MISs)Decision Support Systems (DSSs)Executive Information Systems (EISs)Types of Decisions and Information Systems for ManagersKnowledge Management SystemsExpert SystemsComputers and Databases in the Retail SectorSlide 28Chapter 12 SummaryChapter 12 Summary continuedComputers Are Your Future© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 2Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Computers Are Your FutureChapter 12Databases and Information Systems© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 3Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12What You Will Learn AboutThe potential uses of a database programThe basic components of a databaseThe differences between file management and relational database programs Advanced database programs and applications© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 4Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12What You Will Learn AboutThe basic qualities of a good databaseComponents and functions of an information systemFunctional divisions of an organizationMajor types of information systems used todayDatabases in retail organizations© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 5Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Database ConceptsData is any unorganized text, graphics, sounds, or videosA database is a collection of dataDatabase programs enable people to add, sort, group, summarize, and print data Information is data that has been processed in a meaningful and useful way© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 6Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12The layers in a database are:Bits – The lowest layer made of 1s and 0sCharacters – Letters, numbers, and symbolsFields – Areas that contain data identified by field names (Examples: First Name; Address; City)Records – Contain a group of fieldsData files – Contain related recordsDatabases – The top layer made of one or more data files (Example: ABC Company Address Book Mailing list, Employee list, Vendor list)The Levels of Data in a Database© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 7Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Data TypeData usually consists of text, numbers, currency, and dates Logical data – Only “yes” or “no” answers are allowedObjects – Non-textual dataBinary large objects (BLOBs) – Very large objectsDefault value – Pre-defined values such as today’s date© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 8Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Data TypeOne field in a record is identified as the key field or primary keyThe key field must be a unique entry such as a social security number or student ID© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 9Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Types of Database ProgramsFile Management Programs:Create flat files containing one file or tableFiles can not be linked to other filesAre easy to use and customizeAre not as complex as database management systems© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 10Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Types of Database ProgramsDatabase Management Systems (DBMS):Contain multiple files or tablesAre programs that enable data to be stored, modified, and extracted from a databaseAre more difficult to learn than file management systems© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 11Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Relational Database Management SystemsRelational database management systems are the most widely used type of DBMSData in several files are related through the use of a common key field© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 12Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Data Warehousing and Data MiningData Warehousing:Supplements DBMSs by bringing together all data into one huge databaseOrganizes management’s decision-making processUses a technique called drill-down to view performance data of the entire company© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 13Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Data Warehousing and Data MiningData marts support one division of an organization rather than an entire firmData Mining:Is a data exploration techniqueIs used to find unknown patterns of data© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 14Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Client/Server Database SystemsData server – Professionally administered program that runs on a local area network (LAN); it responds to requests for dataClient – A user-friendly program that accesses the server; users can add data, maintain records, perform queries, and generate reportsClients request data using a query language called Structured Query Language (SQL)© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 15Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Client/Server Database SystemsQuery Specially phrased question used to access specific information© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 16Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12The Internet Connection: Going Public With DataWeb-based integration is the latest trend in database softwareInformation is stored in databases that are available through the Internet© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 17Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Advantages of Database Management SystemsData integrity is the validity of the data. Data validation defines acceptable input ranges for each field.Types of data validation are:Alphabetic checkNumeric checkRange checkConsistency checkCompleteness checkData independence refers to how data is stored so that it can be used with different types of application programs.Avoidance of data redundancy refers to avoiding the repetition of data.Data security is the unavailability of data to people who would misuse it. Data is also protected from loss due to equipment failure.Data maintenance refers to the procedures for adding, updating, and deleting records.The areas of importance for building a quality database are:Data integrityData independenceAvoidance of data redundancyData securityData maintenance© 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc Slide 18Computers Are Your Future Chapter 12Information Systems: Tools for
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