1LCC 6310The Computer as an Expressive MediumLecture 17OverviewLook at project 4Discuss the readingReadings for next weekProject 4Due: Friday November 2Hypertext was conceived as a computer-aided form of reading and writing whose structure matches that of the human mind (a tangled web of association), thus enabling humans to make sense of the exponential growth of knowledge experienced in the 20th century.The World-Wide Web, while a rather anemic implementation of hypertext, makes up for these deficiencies by providing us a with a sneak preview of what it might be like to have a truly global repository of knowledge…Project 4Due: Friday November 2But making sense of the world is not just a matter of structure, but of process, of the dynamic construction of meaning. And as we'vebeen discovering together, computation is fundamentally a process medium. What would you do to the web? Create an applet that dynamically does something to one or more web pages (e.g. collage, systematic distortion, re-layout, ironic superposition, etc.).Let's look at some examples…2The ShredderA bit like a paper shredder in concept, Mark Napier's shredder lets you shred webpages instead…"The web browser is an organ of perception... It filters and organizes a huge mass of structured information that spans continents, is constantly growing, reorganizing itself, shifting its appearance, evolving. The Shredder presents this global structure as a chaotic, irrational, raucous collage. By altering the HTML code before the browser reads it, the Shredder appropriates the data of the web, transforming it into a parallel web. Content become abstraction. Text becomes graphics. Information becomes art."http://www.potatoland.org/shredder/shredder.htmlBlack and White (CNN)Mark Napier's Black and White translates a stream of bits from the web into motion. Two marks, one black and one white, chase each other on screen due to mutual attraction and leave trails in their wake. 0 bits move black horizontally, while 1 bits move white vertically.http://potatoland.com/blackwhite/DreamlinesBy Leonardo Solaas, 2005"Dreamlines is a non-linear, interactive visual experience. The user enters one or more words that define the subject of a dream he would like to dream. The system looks in the Web for images related to those words, and takes them as input to generate an ambiguous painting, in perpetual change, where elements fuse into one another, in a process analogous to memory and free association."http://www.solaas.com.ar/dreamlines/index.htmFriendster PachinkoPlay pachinko with friendsters rather than balls! Start the game by choosing a friendster, and then all their friendsterfriends are loaded as ammunition. These friendsters come off the people mover and bounce around until they are killed. If they manage to escape through the tunnel, their friendster friends get loaded as additional ammunition. Quirky and fun!http://www.tree-axis.com/072904/pachinko.php3TextArcBrad Paley's TextArc provides a beautiful visual representation and walk through of textual works… try it with Hamlet:http://www.textarc.org/Hamlet.htmlCarnivoreInspired by the DCS1000 FBI wiretap software known as Carnivore,Alex Galloway's Carnivore is a surveillance tool for data networks. It listens to Internet traffic (email, web surfing, etc.) on a specific local network, then serves this data stream client applications that can turn it into audio-visual experiences of different kinds. http://r-s-g.org/carnivore/"Fuel"A Carnivore client by Scott SnibbeReadingSummary presentation & questions for discussionUsing Computers: A Direction for Design- Winograd & Flores (NMR pp. 551-561)Winograd & FloresWinograd is a professor at Stanford. He started in AI (natural language systems) and later moved to HCI & CSCW. Flores is a Chilean businessman and senator who did research on management and workflow technology for the office at Berkeley.Together they worked on a groupware system in the early 1990s, based on a conversations-for-action approach.4CSCWComputer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) is a field of research and design that investigates how people work together in groups and seeks to design computer-systems and networks to enable or facilitate group work.Part of the larger HCI field: design, evaluation, implementation, and study of interactive computing systems for human use.Winograd and Flores present a methodology for CSCW analysis and design that is commonly known as the "language/action" perspective.Speech Act TheoryJohn Searle’s Speech Acts (1979)The meaning of utterances is construed during the course of social communication.Knowledge is the result of an interpretation in context.Language as action – what utterances doPromise, request, offer, accept, assert…Conversations are sequences of actions because by saying things people are understood to be doing things…A perspective for CSCW1. Any organization exists as a network of recurrent conversations.2. These conversations are linked in regular patterns of triggering and breakdown.3. In creating tools, we are designing new conversations and connections.4. Computers are a tool for conducting the network of conversations."Organizations exist as networks of directives and commissives.""People in an organization (including, but not limited to managers) issue utterances, by speaking or writing, to develop the conversations required in the organizational network."Groupware system modeled as "Conversations for Action"…The Coordinator"The Coordinator is a system for managing action in time, grounded in a theory of linguistic commitment and completion of conversations. Conversations are essentially temporal, both as asequence of acts and in the wider context of conversations and action in a community or organization."5The CoordinatorManagement Information System (MIS) based on Speech Act TheoryA tool for interoffice communication (e.g. email) about commitments and scheduling.Commitments are tracked. Conflict notification and reminders provided.Provides a method for filtering and visualizing status of current ongoing conversations."The Coordinator is a system for managing action in time, grounded in a theory of linguistic commitment and completion of conversations. Conversations are essentially temporal, both as asequence of acts and in the wider context of conversations and action in a community or organization."The CfA modelThe CfA model is represented as the traversal of a state-transition network with
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