CMPE 257 Wireless and Mobile Networking Spring 2002 CMPE 257 Spring 2002 1 Contact Information Instructor Katia Obraczka TA Kumar Viswanath E mail katia cse ucsc edu Office hours Tue 12 2 E mail kumarv cse ucsc edu Office hours TBD Class resources Web page www cse ucsc edu classes cmpe257 CMPE 257 Spring 2002 2 Course Objective Cover issues on wireless mobile networking Emphasis on higher layer protocols MAC and above CMPE 257 Spring 2002 3 Class Format Research papers In class discussion All students must have read papers beforehand CMPE 257 Spring 2002 4 Reading List Initial set of papers provided on the class Web page Reading list is looong Will be updated as we go Some papers will be labeled as optional CMPE 257 Spring 2002 5 Grading Midterm exam 30 Paper reports 10 Term project 60 Academic integrity violations will not be tolerated Results in failing the class automatically and more If there are questions don t hesitate to ask CMPE 257 Spring 2002 6 Project Implementation based projects Compaq iPaqs 10 units Laptops 10 units Linux based OS Servers for development Projects are individual List of suggested projects provided Students can pick from that list or suggest their own project CMPE 257 Spring 2002 7 Project Submission Project proposals due by April 12th Progress reports due by May 3rd and May 24th Project due May 31st Poster session June 4th 12 3 00 Posters and demos Dry run between May 31 and June 3rd CMPE 257 Spring 2002 8 Topics 1 Introduction MAC layer issues Mobile IP Unicast routing in MANETs Multicast routing in MANETs Transport layer issues Bluetooth CMPE 257 Spring 2002 9 Topics 2 Tracking and location management Power management Security and application level issues CMPE 257 Spring 2002 10 Today Introduction CMPE 257 Spring 2002 11 Wireless everywhere Remote control Cordless telephone Headsets Garage openers Badges Cell phones modems Radio Pagers Satellite TV Wireless LAN cards CMPE 257 Spring 2002 12 Wireless Technologies Wireless local area networks Cellular wireless Satellites Multi hop wireless Wireless local loop CMPE 257 Spring 2002 13 Wireless evolution 1 Wireless telegraph Marconi 1896 Between then and now Radio TV Mobile phones Satellites 1960s CMPE 257 Spring 2002 14 Cellular Networks Shift from voice to data New wireless devices pagers PDAs New services Web access e mail instant messaging etc CMPE 257 Spring 2002 15 Cellular Networks Evolution Evidence of the wireless success Since 1996 number of new mobile phone subscribers exceeded number of new fixed phone subscribers 1st Generation 1G analog technology FDMA Analog FM CMPE 257 Spring 2002 16 Second Generation 2G Most of today s cellular networks use 2G standards Early 90s Digital technology Digital modulation TDMA and CDMA Lighter smaller devices with longer battery life Better reception and channel utilization CMPE 257 Spring 2002 17 Example 2G Standards TDMA standards Global System Mobile GSM Intrim Standard 13 IS 136 or NDSC North and South America and Australia Pacific Digital Cellular PDC Europe Asia Australia South America Similar to IS 136 Japan CDMA standard Interim Standard 95 IS 95 North and South America Korea Japan China Australia CMPE 257 Spring 2002 18 2G Evolution Towards providing data communication New data centric standards Retrofit 2G to support higher data throughput 2 5G standards Support higher data rates for Web browsing e g WAP e mail mcommerce etc CMPE 257 Spring 2002 19 3G Wireless Networks Multi megabit Internet access VoIP ubiquitous always on access Single mobile device for everything integrated service approach New world wide standard International Mobile Telephone 2000 IMT 2000 CMPE 257 Spring 2002 20 Wireless Local Loop WLL Wireless last mile Between central office and homes and businesses close by Fixed wireless service Developing countries remote areas Broadband access Microwave or millimeter radio frequencies Directional antennas Allow for very high data rate signals tens or hundreds Mbs But need LOS no obstacles CMPE 257 Spring 2002 21 Wireless Local Area Networks Local area connectivity using wireless communication IEEE 802 11 WLAN standard Example WaveLan Aironet Wireless LAN may be used for Last hop to a wireless host Wireless connectivity between hosts on the LAN CMPE 257 Spring 2002 22 802 11 Evolution Working group founded in 1987 Standard came ot in 1997 Includes infrared Originally featured FH and DS But as of late 2001 only DS SS modems had been standardized for high rates 11Mbps 802 11a up to 54 Mbps in 5 GHz band 802 11b 5 5 and 11 Mbps CMPE 257 Spring 2002 23 Other WLAN Standards HomeRF Proponents of 802 11 frequency hoping spread spectrum FH SS HomeRF 2 0 10 Mbps FH SS HIPERLAN Europe mid 1990s Similar capability to IEEE 802 11 CMPE 257 Spring 2002 24 Bluetooth and PANs PAN personal ara network Open standard for enabling various devices to communicate short range 10 m range Named after King Harald Bluetooth 10th century Viking united Denmark and Norway Home appliances office equipment wearable computing equipment CMPE 257 Spring 2002 25 Cellular Concept Motivation Early mobile radio systems Large coverage with single high powered transmitter But no frequency re use due to interference Since finite spectrum allocation need high capacity number of users with limited spectrum and wide coverage CMPE 257 Spring 2002 26 Some Cellular Terminology Mobile Base station Mobile Switching Center MSC Handoff Cell CMPE 257 Spring 2002 27 Cellular Fundamentals System level idea no major technological changes Many low power transmitters instead of single high power on large cell Service area divided into small cells covered by each low power transmitter Each transmitter or base station allocated a portion of the spectrum Nearby BSs assigned different channel group to minimize interference Scalability as more users subscribe more BSs can be added using lower transmission power CMPE 257 Spring 2002 28 Frequency Reuse E B G C A F G D E CMPE 257 Spring 2002 F 29 Handoff Handover Mobile hosts can change cells while communicating Hand off occurs when a mobile host starts communicating via a new base station Handoff decision made based on signal strength CMPE 257 Spring 2002 30 Handoff Strategies Network initiated Used in 1G Each BS monitors signal strengths of mobiles with calls in progress Special receiver locator receiver controlled by the MSC and used to monitor signal strengths in neighboring cells for potential handoffs MSC decides if handoff necessary CMPE 257