11Aggression,Pt. 2Psy 240; Fall 2006Purdue UniversityDr. Kipling Williams2Prejudice or Aggression?• When angered,people hurl racial(and other groupmembership) slurs.• What does thismean? Is itprejudice, or is itaggression (or both)?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9sEUIZsmTOE23Violent Video Games• Craig Anderson Brad Bushman4General Aggression ModelGeneral Aggression Model••Anderson &Anderson &Bushman,Bushman,20022002••SingleSingleEpisodeEpisodeModelModel35General Aggression ModelGeneral Aggression Model••MultipleMultipleEpisodeEpisodemodelmodel6Effects of Violent Video Gameson Hostile Expectation Bias• Participants played either aviolent (Carmageddon, DukeNukem, Mortal Kombat, FutureCop) or nonviolent (Glider Pro,3D Pinball, Austin Powers,Tetra Madness) video game.• Then they read ambiguousstories about potentialinterpersonal conflicts.• Asked what the main characterwould do, say, think, and feel asthe story continued.GOING TO A RESTAURANTJane had worked hard all day longcleaning her apartment. She was tiredbut decided to reward herself with ameal in one of the restaurants down thestreet. Upon entering the restaurant,Jane decided upon a Caesar salad,French onion soup, and filet mignon.Some 15 minutes later, a waiter camaround to take her order. Time slowlypassed and Jane was getting hungrierand hungrier. Finally, about 45 minutesafter her order had been taken, Jane wasabout to eave when she saw the waiterapproaching with her food.What happens next?47Effects of Violent Video Gameson Hostile Expectation Bias• Sample responses:• Do/Say:– Eat and refuse to pay– Punch the waiter– “I hope this isn’t your real job!”– “What did you have to do, butcher acow?”– Steal the silverware– “Keep the food. I’m gone!”– Dump the food on the waiter’s head– Swear at the manager– “I wish I had him as my waiter!”(pointing to another waiter)– “Did you have to go to France to get theFrench onion soup?”– I was contemplating whether this floralcenterpiece was edible.– She calls the restaurant and orders foursteaks to pick up by a different name• Think:– “Damn this service is shitty.”– Hit the waiter.– “This guy needs to be fired.”– “WHAT IDIOTS!!!”– “I hate this waiter!”– “This place sucks!”– “No tip here.”– “They better not charge me for this food.”– “What took so damn long?”– “I should set this table cloth on fire!”– “I’m going to tell everyone how lousy it is here.”– “I should write to the newspaper about this place.”• Feel:– Mad– Hostile Offended– Irritated– Pissed off– Cranky– Frustrated with the service– Angry– Cruel– Pushed to the limit– Bitchy8Bushman & Anderson Study:Results• Those playing violentvideo games weremore likely to reportthat the main characterwould:– Act– think, and– feel• more aggressive.• This supports GAM.From Bushman & Anderson, PSPB, 28, 1679-1686.59Measures of Aggression• Shocks• Noise Blasts• Negative evaluations• Horn honking• Bobo Doll hitting• Hot Sauce Allocation• Self-reports of