Endurance Training & TaperingLecture OutlineReview Question #1Review Question #2Review Question #3Review Question #4, 5Review Question #6Review Question #7Review Question #8Endurance TrainingEndurance Training Maximal Aerobic CapacityEndurance Training Maximal Aerobic CapacityEndurance Training US XC Ski Team – Field Test for Maximal Aerobic CapacityEndurance Training Muscle Fiber TypeEndurance Training Lactate ThresholdEndurance Training Lactate Threshold (LT)Slide 17Endurance Training Improving Lactate ThresholdEndurance Training Exercise EconomyEndurance Training Monitoring IntensityLactic Acid MetabolismSlide 22Lactate ShuttleSlide 24Lactic Acid Metabolism (con’t)Slide 26Post-Exercise Lactate MetabolismTaperingTapering (con’t)Slide 30Tapering Mathematical ModelingEndurance Endurance TrainingTraining&&TaperingTaperingEXS 558EXS 558Dr. MoranDr. MoranWednesday November 9, 2005Wednesday November 9, 2005Lecture OutlineLecture OutlineReview QuestionsReview QuestionsConcurrent TrainingConcurrent TrainingPeriodizationPeriodizationEndurance Training Endurance Training (Chapter 9)(Chapter 9)““Optimizing Endurance Training” Optimizing Endurance Training” Dalleck & Kravitz (2004)Dalleck & Kravitz (2004) Lactic Acid MetabolismLactic Acid Metabolism•TaperingTapering““Scientific Bases for Precompetition Tapering Strategies”Scientific Bases for Precompetition Tapering Strategies”Mujika & Padilla (2003)Mujika & Padilla (2003)““Physiological responses to a 6-d taper in middle-distance Physiological responses to a 6-d taper in middle-distance runners: influence of training intensity and volumerunners: influence of training intensity and volumeReview Question #1Review Question #11.) For an endurance athlete why 1.) For an endurance athlete why would a concurrent resistance would a concurrent resistance training program appear to be non-training program appear to be non-beneficial?beneficial?MacDougal et al. (1979) stated that with increased muscle MacDougal et al. (1979) stated that with increased muscle mass the productivity of mitochondria is reduced. Since mass the productivity of mitochondria is reduced. Since mitochondria are the workhorses of oxidative metabolism it mitochondria are the workhorses of oxidative metabolism it would appear that a resistance training program may would appear that a resistance training program may compromise an endurance training program. compromise an endurance training program.Review Question #2Review Question #22.) Hickson et al. (1980) showed that a resistance 2.) Hickson et al. (1980) showed that a resistance training program can actually ENHANCE training program can actually ENHANCE endurance performance. How did the authors endurance performance. How did the authors speculate this was possible? What types of speculate this was possible? What types of subjects were tested in this study?subjects were tested in this study?This studies had UNTRAINED subjects perform a concurrent This studies had UNTRAINED subjects perform a concurrent training program and endurance was measured as the time to training program and endurance was measured as the time to exhaustion on a cycle and treadmill protocol. The authors exhaustion on a cycle and treadmill protocol. The authors speculated that improved glycolytic enzymatic capacity and speculated that improved glycolytic enzymatic capacity and improved NM adaptations improved endurance in these subjects.improved NM adaptations improved endurance in these subjects.Review Question #3Review Question #33.) With regards to trained endurance athletes, the 3.) With regards to trained endurance athletes, the addition of a concurrent resistance program of 3x addition of a concurrent resistance program of 3x a week has what effect on endurance capabilities a week has what effect on endurance capabilities (performance, lactate threshold, maximal aerobic (performance, lactate threshold, maximal aerobic capacity)?capacity)? The addition of a low-weight, high-repetition resistance training The addition of a low-weight, high-repetition resistance training program performed 3x a week has NO effect on hampering program performed 3x a week has NO effect on hampering positive endurance adaptations during a training program. positive endurance adaptations during a training program.Review Question #4, 5Review Question #4, 54.) What is the major reason why studies 4.) What is the major reason why studies investigating the addition of an endurance investigating the addition of an endurance training program on maximal strength training program on maximal strength gains have been inconclusive?gains have been inconclusive?These studies have used different APV and they have used two different These studies have used different APV and they have used two different types of subjects: (1) untrained VS (2) trained strength athletes. With types of subjects: (1) untrained VS (2) trained strength athletes. With untrained athletes a concurrent endurance program does NOT compromise untrained athletes a concurrent endurance program does NOT compromise strength gains while with strength athletes the maximal strength gains are strength gains while with strength athletes the maximal strength gains are impaired. impaired. 5.) Why are they impaired?5.) Why are they impaired?CHRONIC FATIGUECHRONIC FATIGUEReview Question #6Review Question #66.) Complete the following schematic 6.) Complete the following schematic demonstrating the basic principle of demonstrating the basic principle of periodization.periodization.Intensity LowIntensity HighVolume HighVolume LowFoundationTrainingPEAKReview Question #7Review Question #77.) According to Matveyev’s training 7.) According to Matveyev’s training phases which of the following is NOT phases which of the following is NOT a phase of training?a phase of training?a.) preparatorya.) preparatoryb.) generalb.) generalc.) competitivec.) competitived.) transitiond.) transitionReview Question #8Review Question #88.) According to Kraemer et al. (2003) 8.) According to Kraemer et al. (2003) what model of concurrent resistance what model of concurrent resistance training in collegiate women tennis training in collegiate women tennis players yielded the BEST sport-players yielded the BEST sport-specific adaptations? And why?specific adaptations? And why?The nonlinear (undulating) model yielded the best specific The nonlinear (undulating) model yielded the best