Infection ControlSlide 2Slide 3Microorganisms that cause diseaseMicroorganismsDiseasePathogenBacteriaProtozoanVirusesFungiChain of Infection6 Steps of InfectionSlide 14Nosocomial InfectionsSlide 16Third Degree BurnSlide 18Slide 19Universal PrecautionsAirborne PrecautionsDroplet PrecautionsContact PrecautionsControlling the spread of DiseaseSlide 25Physical Methods of Controlling DiseasesHandwashingTypes of Nosocomial InfectionsSo What, and Who Cares?Syphilis in the eyeInfection Control per JCAHOFingernail ComplianceWhen do you wash your hands?Slide 34When should sharps boxes be emptied?What are some examples of proper usage of gloves?When do you use disinfectant jell?What can you use for cleaning equipment and surfaces?How do you know equipment is clean?What are examples of Standard Precautions?Slide 41What are the 3 Transmission-based Isolation Precautions?Slide 43ReviewSlide 45Questions?Infection ControlWarning: blood and guts to follow !Infection Control•Microorganisms•Infectious Disease•Chain of Infection•Nosocomial Infection•Disease Control•EnvironmentMicroorganismsthat cause diseaseBacteriaVirusesFungiProtozoaCan grow in or on an animal or plant and cause diseases.Host: animal or plant that provides life support to another organism.MicroorganismsDisease: Any change from the normal structure or function in the human body.Infection: Growth of a microorganism on or in a host.Disease•Disease occurs only when the microorganism causes injury to the hostPathogenA disease producing microorganism.Multiply in large numbers and cause an obstructionCause tissue damageSecrete substance that produce effects in the body Exotoxins ( high body temp, nausea, vomiting)BacteriaBacteriaStrep ThroatStrep ThroatBacterial Bacterial PneumoniaPneumoniaFood PoisoningFood PoisoningProtozoan•Trichomonas Vaginalis•Plasmodium Vivax–MalariaViruses•Common cold•Mononucleosis•WartsFungi•Athlete’s Foot–Tinea pedis•RingwormChain of InfectionChain of InfectionHostHostInfectious Infectious MicroorganismMicroorganismMode of TransmissionMode of TransmissionVector/ FomiteVector/ FomiteReservoirReservoir6 Steps of InfectionEncounterEntrySpreadMultiplicationDamageOutcome6 Steps of InfectionEncounterEntrySpreadMultiplicationDamageOutcomeWhich of these steps if stopped can prevent infection? What can health care workers do to prevent them?Nosocomial InfectionsNosocomial InfectionsInfections Infections originating in the originating in the hospital; an hospital; an infection not infection not present before present before admittance to admittance to the hospital.the hospital.Nosocomial InfectionsNosocomial InfectionsIatrogenic Iatrogenic InfectionInfectionCompromised Compromised PatientsPatientsPatient FloraPatient FloraHospital Hospital EnvironmentEnvironmentBloodborne Bloodborne PathogensPathogensThird Degree BurnThe skin: the body’s first natural defense to diseaseUniversal PrecautionsSince there is no way you can know if a person is infected, you should ALWAYS use universal precautions:Wash your handsWear glovesHandle sharp objects carefullyProperly clean all spillsWear mask, eye protection, and apron if splashing is a possibility.Airborne PrecautionsPatients infected with pathogens that remain suspended in air for long periods on aerosol droplets or dust.TB, Chickenpox, MeaslesRespiratory protection must be worn when entering pt room.Pt should wear mask.Droplet PrecautionsPatients infected with pathogens that disseminate through large particulate droplets expelled from coughing, sneezing, or even talking.Rubella, Mumps, InfluenzaSurgical mask must be worn when within 3 feet of the pt.Pt should wear a mask.Contact PrecautionsPatients infected with pathogens that spread by direct contact with the pt or by indirect contact with a contaminated object (bedrail, pt dressing).Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Hepatitis A, Varicella, Flesh-eating VirusAll PPE should be used and equipment must be disinfected after use.Controlling the spread of Disease•Chemotherapy•Immunization•Asepsis–Medical–Surgical•DisinfectantsPhysical Methods of Controlling Diseases•Handwashing•Standard Precautions–Gloving–Gowns–Face masks–EyewearHandwashingSingle most important means of preventing the spread of infection.7 to 8 minutes of washing to remove the microbes present, depending on the number present.Most effective portion of handwashing is the mechanical action of rubbing the hands together.Types of Nosocomial InfectionsIatrogenic Infection – related to physician activitiesCompromised Patients - weakened resistance; immunosuppressedPatient Flora - microbes in healthy peopleContaminated Hospital EnvironmentBloodborne Pathogens – Hepatitis B and HIVSo What, and Who Cares?Students and Techs are challenged both physically and mentally by the microbial world. In this world of newly found, life-threatening diseases, education has become the key to survival. Health care providers must be committed to infection control so that diseases can be conquered!Syphilis in the eyeInfection Control per JCAHOFingernail ComplianceNo more than ¼ inch longNo artificial nailsNo chips on nail polishWhen do you wash your hands?When hands are visibly soiledBefore and after patient contactAfter removal of glovesAfter using the toiletAfter blowing or wiping the noseUpon leaving an isolation areaWhen do you wash your hands?Before EatingHow long do you wash?10-15 SecondsWhen should sharps boxes be emptied?When they are 2/3 fullWhat are some examples of proper usage of gloves?Wear gloves when you anticipate possible contaminationWhen handling chemicals like disinfectants for cleaningRemove gloves immediately after performing task and performing hand hygieneHallways should be considered a “glove free zone”When do you use disinfectant jell?Before and after patient care when hands are not visibly soiledBefore performing invasive procedures for hand decontaminationTo decontaminate hands after contact with patient’s intact skin, i.e., after taking vital signsWhat can you use for cleaning equipment and surfaces?Disinfectant wipesHow do you know equipment is clean? Clean equipment is covered with plasticA clean bed