!U n i v e r s i t y * o f * W i s c o n s i n * ‐ * M a d i s o n * *Ali$Johnson,$Kim$Kamer, $ Elise$Larson$and $ Laura$Zei t l er$$March$11,$2009$Broncho alveo lar$L avage$Tra p$BRONCHOALVEOLAR*LAVAGE*TRAP*2*!! !Table*of * Contents *AB STRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. 3!BA CKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................................... 3!BRONCHOALVEOLAR!LAVAGE ................................................................................................................................................. 3!PROBLEM!STATEM ENT............................................................................................................................................................. 4!CUR RENT!SOL UTIONS............................................................................................................................................................... 5!ERGONOMICS.............................................................................................................................................................................. 5!DESIGN1CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................ ................................ 6!FIXED!LONG!DISTANCE ............................................................................................................................................................ 6!BALL!AND!SOCKET!FRAME ...................................................................................................................................................... 7!BALL!AND!CAGE!VALVE............................................................................................................................................................ 7!DESIGN1EVALUATION ......................................................................................................................................... 8!FUTURE1WORK ................................................................ ..................................................................................... 9!REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................10!APPENDIX1A:1PRODUCT1DESIGN1SPECIFI CATIONS ................................................................................. 11!!!BRONCHOALVEOLAR*LAVAGE*TRAP*3*!Abstract*Bronchoalveolar!lavage!is!a!procedure!that!involves!taking!a!lung!effluent!sample!by!injecting!saline!solution!into!the!lungs,!retrieving!it,!and!depositing!it!into!a!specimen!trap.!If!the!specimen!trap!is!freely!hanging!in!space,!however,!manipulation!of!the!bronchoscope!can!lead!to!inversion!of!the!trap!and!subsequent!loss!of!sample!to!the!vacuum!line.!In!order!to!address!this!issue,!we!designed!three!new!preliminary!trap!solutions!to!eliminate!the!risk!of!losing!the!effluent!sample.!!The!first!involves!designing!a!frame!for!the!trap!in!order!to!fix!it!to!a!universal!site!in!the!exam!room;!the!second!uses!the!force!of!gravity!keep!the!trap!vertical!with!a!ball!and!socket!frame.!!The!final!design!attaches!a!ball!and!cage!valve!between!the!trap!and!the!tubing!to!the!vacuum!source!to!form!a!seal!between!the!trap!and!suction!whenever!the!trap!is!turned.!!Though!these!options!all!have!potential,!upon!evaluation,!we!determined!that!our!best!design!to!be!the!ball!and!cage!valve.!Future!work!includes!determining!the!specifications!and!materials!for!fabrication,!constructing!our!prototype,!and!extensively!testing!and!modifying!our!prototype.!Backgro und*Bronchoalveolar*L a vage*!$$$$$Bronchoalveolar!lavage!is!a!procedure!performed!on!immuno‐suppressed!patients!to!collect!an!aqueous!lung!tissue!sample!for!laboratory!analysis!(Prakash!et#al.#2007).!Because!this!analysis!often!leads!to!a!workable!diagnosis,!preserving!the!collected!effluent!sample!safely!and!consistently!is!critical!to!an!affected!patient’s!health!and!comfort!(Lee!2004).!!! The!process!of!bronchoalveolar!lavage!involves!the!skilled!use!of!specialized!equipment.!A!flexible!bronchoscope,!suction!tubing,!vacuum!source,!and!sterile!collection!trap!work!in!unison!to!obtain!the!effluent!sample!(Dugdale!and!Medoff!2008).!The!flexible!bronchoscope!involves!a!long!and!thin!tube!with!a!lighted!end!to!allow!the!doctor!to!view!the!airway!(WebMD!2007).!First,!the!patient!is!either!anesthetized!locally!or!generally,!depending!on!age!and!condition.!Children!are!usually!put!under!general!anesthesia.!The!flexible!bronchoscope!is!inserted!into!the!trachea!via!the!nose!or!mouth!and!maneuvered!into!one!lobe!of!the!lung,!Figure!1.!!A!pulmonary!s pecialist!maneuvers!flex ible!broncho scope!within!patient.!!Image#c ourt esy#of#Department#of#Respiratory#Care#http://www.uihealthcare.com!!!BRONCHOALVEOLAR*LAVAGE*TRAP*4*!where!the!tip!of!the!scope!is!then!tightly!wedged!into!a!bronchiole.!A!camera!located!at!the!tip!of!the!scope!allows!the!specialist!to!visually!investigate!the!area!(NHLBI!2008).!!
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