Sample Essay Answer ActivityFull Name:Class:Day and time class meets:Date covered in class:Instructions: Read this sample essay and answer the questions below. You will be called upon in class to answer some of these questions.1. For this assignment, and for this assignment ONLY, it is permissible to copy and paste PARTS of your answers directly from the material being analyzed. 2. For the rest of the answer you must use your own words. 3. Your answers MUST be word processed and turned in at the end of class or you will receive a ZERO! (However, feel free to take additional hand written notes on the lines provided during the class discussion)Use the organization and layout of this essay, in conjunction with the essay rubric and worksheet, as a templatefor the in-class essay exams.Sample Question: Compare and contrast the Chinese and Japanese attitudes and policies regarding modernization beginning at the time of sustained European contact but concentrating on the period between 1840 and 1910. How did their status change in the eyes of the Europeans?By 1840, Europe had at least nominal domination over much of the known world. The last area of the globe to escape European domination was East Asia and the Europeans were now focusing their attention on that region. Despite contact with Europe since the 1600s, both China and Japan had actively resisted adopting and European ideas or, with a few exceptions, technologies. However, after Japan was forcibly opened to the west in the 1840s, the Japanese government engaged in a massive and well organized program of modernization. China, on the other hand, continued to view western ideas with suspicion and contempt and tried to maintain their traditional way of life amidst a changing world. Even though both countries were reluctant to modernize at first, Japan’s modernization caused it to go from a third-world country to a major world player; whereas China, who refused to modernize, went from being one of the greatest empires in the world to being a resource to be divided amongst the more powerful nations.Both China and Japan had long considered the Europeans to be barbarians and were not interested in goods or ideas from Europe. Portuguese merchant Fernão de Andrade recorded in his log that when he first arrived off the coast of China in 1517, the Chinese ran away from his crew calling them “Ocean Devils” (DBQ #12, Doc. #3). When another Portuguese merchant, Fernão Pinto, arrived in Japan, he reported that the Japanese referred to the Europeans as “gaijin,” which roughly translates as “hairy (smelly) barbarians” (Exploration Lecture). When King George III of England sent ambassadors and sample trade goods hoping to open trade with China, the Emperor Ch’ien Lung returned a letter thanking him for his “tribute” (Imperial Letters CDD1). According to a report by the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier, the quarrelsome Japanese nobles might have been interested in trading with the Europeans for firearms; they were very suspicious of the Jesuit priests who followed the traders, trying to convert the Japanese to Catholicism (DBQ2 #12, Docs #11 and #13). In China, the final break came when Pope Clement XIV sent orders to the Jesuit missionaries to instruct the Chinese people and Emperor to halt the practice of ancestor worship, causing the Emperor to expel the Jesuits along with most other Europeans (Text: Reading History-Religion and Politics in China). Fearing the influence of the Jesuits, the Shogun, Tokugawa Hidetada, enacted the Policy of Seclusion which closed Japan toall foreign contact for almost 250 years (DBQ #12, Doc 12). Unfortunately, as European power grew so did their desire to use Japan as a resource and market.After Japan was forcibly reopened to the west in the 1850s, the Japanese government decided that in order to protect their country they would have to modernize. This meant the modernization of their 1 Class Discussion Document2Document Based Question1government, economy, industry, education and especially military. In an attempt to gain knowledge about the west, but still limit foreign influence in Japan, the Japanese government began a program that picked their best and brightest, including future Admiral Togo Heihachiro, to attend school in Europe and the United States. These specialists were to learn everything they could about their subject and then return to Japan to pass on their knowledge. Admiral Togo himself attended the British Royal Naval Academy at Portsmouth, England. (DBQ #16, Doc #2). The Japanese used this information to replace their old feudal constitution with a modern parliamentary one (Charter Oath CDD). In order to make the most of Japan’s limited resources, the government created zaibatsus, massive corporations that were granted complete control of certain portions of the Japanese economy (Meiji Japan Lecture). By examining charts of measuring a massive increase in Japanese iron, coal and railroad production during this period, economic and political historians agree that this partnership between the government and industry was extremely effective (DBQ #16, Doc #4). According to report by Townshend Harris, the first US ambassador to Japan, the Japanese created a modern university system, for both research and learning, modeling it after the system in the United States (DBQ #16, Doc #2). The Japanese army was reorganized along the lines of the German army, the most powerful, best equipped and efficient in Europe at the time (DBQ #16, Doc #3). Being an island nation, the Japanese naturally modeled theirnavy after Britain’s Royal Navy, also the most powerful in the world (DBQ #16, Doc #7). They even went so far as to have their naval academy duplicate the British Royal Naval Academy and built it out of imported English red brick (Battle of Tsushima Video). Japan used this newfound military and economic might to defeatfirst the Chinese in 1894 and then the Russians in 1905 putting the world on notice that they were a rising power in the Pacific (Meiji Japan Lecture). Despite their successes, Japan’s mainland neighbor continued to refuse to modernize.Despite the advances made in Europe and Japan, the Chinese continued to believe in their inherent superiority and saw no need or reason to adopt modern ways, with disastrous consequences for their country. China’s government, civil service and military were organized around the ancient philosophies of