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UT GEO 387 - Implication of Biochemical Change

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Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31- 1 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYImplication of biogeochemical change Implication of biogeochemical change driven by driven by global warmingglobal warmingin the in the East SeaEast SeaImplication of biogeochemical change Implication of biogeochemical change driven by driven by global warmingglobal warmingin the in the East SeaEast SeaIl Nam KimIl Nam KimIl Nam KimIl Nam KimDepartment of Marine ScienceDepartment of Marine ScienceUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at AustinDepartment of Marine ScienceDepartment of Marine ScienceUniversity of Texas at AustinUniversity of Texas at AustinEAST SEA STUDYEAST SEA STUDY- 2 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION  BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND MATERIAL & METHODMATERIAL & METHOD RESULTSRESULTS CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION- 3 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY• INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION- 4 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ The East SeaThe East Sea▲▲ a semi-closed marginal seaa semi-closed marginal sea 17 June – 21 July 22 July – 11 Augustdepth (m)▲▲ frequently referred to as frequently referred to as ‘ ‘ miniature ocean miniature ocean ’’▲▲ The maximum depth – 4,049mThe maximum depth – 4,049m average depth – 1,600maverage depth – 1,600m▲▲ Study areaStudy area- 5 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Dissolved Oxygen distribution at 1000mDissolved Oxygen distribution at 1000m[Talley et al. 2006]- 6 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Warming evidencesWarming evidences▲▲ Temperature changesTemperature changes[Min and Kim, 2006][Min and Kim, 2006]VladivostokVladivostokSea Surface Temp.Sea Surface Temp.[Kim et al., 2004][Kim et al., 2004]- 7 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY▲▲ Oxygen changesOxygen changes[Kang et al., 2004][Kang et al., 2004][Kim et al., 2001][Kim et al., 2001]box modelingbox modeling- 8 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY• BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND- 9 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ DenitrificationDenitrification▲▲ In the presence of oxygenIn the presence of oxygen▲▲ In the absence of oxygenIn the absence of oxygen ☞ ☞nitrification (NHnitrification (NH44+ + → NO→ NO22- - → NO→ NO33--)) ☞ ☞denitrification (NOdenitrification (NO33- - → NO→ NO22- - → N→ N22O/NO/N22))[Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006][Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006]- 10 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY▲▲ The major areasThe major areasFIG. 4In the eastern tropical North PacificIn Saanich Inlet[Devol, 1978][Devol, 1978]The Arabian SeaThe Arabian Sea[Hupe and Karstensen, 2000][Hupe and Karstensen, 2000]- 11 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY• MATERIALMATERIAL- 12 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Study MapStudy Map▲▲ Cruise: CREAMS II expedition (1999)Cruise: CREAMS II expedition (1999)▲▲ Parameters used : T, S, DO, nutrients, TAlk, DICParameters used : T, S, DO, nutrients, TAlk, DIC lat, long, depth (lat, long, depth (≥300m≥300m))• ≥ 200 m• ≥ 300 m- 13 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY• METHODMETHOD- 14 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Linear Inverse Mixing Model Linear Inverse Mixing Model ▲▲ Model equationsModel equations• T : TemperatureT : Temperature• S : Salinity S : Salinity • DO : Dissolved OxygenDO : Dissolved Oxygen• P : PhosphateP : Phosphate• N : Nitrate N : Nitrate • Si : SilicateSi : Silicate• TALK : Total Alkalinity TALK : Total Alkalinity • DIC : Dissolved Inorganic CarbonDIC : Dissolved Inorganic Carbon[Hupe and Karstensen 2000][Hupe and Karstensen 2000]- 15 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY▲▲ Matrix formMatrix form※ rD (Gruber and Sarmiento 1997)AAxxddRR••--==• AA : source water types : source water types• xx : mixing ratio : mixing ratio • dd : observed data : observed data• RR : residual : residualknownknownknownknownunknownunknownunknownunknownKim and Lee (2004)Kim and Lee (2004)TMWTMW ( (TTsushima sushima MMiddle iddle WWater)ater)LCWLCW ( (LLiman iman CCold old WWater)ater)ESIWESIW ( (EEast ast SSea ea IIntermediate ntermediate WWater)ater)ESPWESPW ( (EEast ast SSea ea PProper roper WWater)ater)- 16 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY▲▲ Redfield ratiosRedfield ratios▲▲ Solution Solution ※ MATLAB is available to calculate non-negative solutions ☞ function of NNLS ▲▲ Weights Weights- 17 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY• RESULTS IRESULTS I- some evidences- some evidences- 18 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ N:P ratioN:P ratio- 19 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Vertical profiles of NOVertical profiles of NO33--, NO, NO22--, O, O22, and N/P ratio, and N/P ratio- 20 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY• RESULTS IIRESULTS II- linear inverse modeling- linear inverse modeling- 21 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Expected denitrification locations Expected denitrification locations ▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2 ▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4- 22 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Vertical profiles of Vertical profiles of ∆∆NNdenideni ▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2 ▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4- 23 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ How to derive the unit of time ? How to derive the unit of time ? ▲▲ Estimation of pseudo-age using oxygenEstimation of pseudo-age using oxygen▲▲ ExampleExample- 24 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Horizontal distributions of Horizontal distributions of ∆∆NNdenideni - CFCs - CFCs▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2 ▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4 (µmol/m(µmol/m22dayday))- 25 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY■■ Horizontal distributions of Horizontal distributions of ∆∆NNdenideni - MBBM - MBBM▲▲ CASE 1 CASE 1 ▲▲ CASE 2 CASE 2 ▲▲ CASE 3 CASE 3 ▲▲ CASE 4 CASE 4 (µmol/m(µmol/m22dayday))- 26 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYSUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARYArea = Area = 7.0926e+3 km7.0926e+3 km22- 27 -PHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGYPHYSICAL CLIMATOLOGY•


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