DrillingGeol472 - 2012Cable tool drilling rigNo way to control formation fluids and pressuresRotary Drilling•Engines•Hoist system•Rotating system•Mud systemWikipedia imageHoistCrown BlockTraveling BlockRotating SystemDrill pipeWikipedia imageHoistCrown BlockTraveling BlockDown hole hammer bit- Percussion drillingTricone bitDrill collars before the bitDrilling Rates•Sandstones are fast•Limestone/dolomite can be slow•Shales are slowMud SystemBlow out PreventersMud SystemDrilling Mud• Bentonite (clay) 9-10 lb/gal• Barite (BaSO4) 15-20 lb/gal• Water based mud• Oil based mudCasingIsolating an overpressure zonePDC CuttersFluidventDrill collarconnectionInner barrelOuter barrelThrust bearingCore retainingringCore bitCORING ASSEMBLY AND CORE BITCORING ASSEMBLY AND CORE BITCOMING OUT OF HOLECOMING OUT OF HOLEWITH CORE BARRELWITH CORE BARRELOil-Saturated Core, off shore BrazilWhole Core Photograph,Misoa “C” Sandstone, VenezuelaWHOLE COREWHOLE COREPhoto by W. AyersSIDEWALL SAMPLING GUNSIDEWALL SAMPLING GUNCore bulletsCore sampleFormation rockSIDEWALL CORING TOOLSIDEWALL CORING TOOLCoring bitSamplesHow Vertical are Vertical Wells?Top ViewSide ViewOil Platform, BrazilFloating Production and StoragePlatformTypes of offshore oil and gas structures1,2) Conventional fixed platforms (1,353 ft); 3) compliant tower (1,754 ft GOM); 4,5) Vertically moored tension leg platform (4,674 ft); 6) Spar (5,610 ft); 7,8) Semi-submersibles (6,300 ft); 9) Floating production, storage, and offloading facility (4,429 ft ); 10) Sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility (7,570 ft.) (2005 depth records) NOAA imageHorizontal Drilling ComponentsWorld record (2006) 10 km horizontal reachDeviated HolesDOWN HOLE MUD MOTORS PowerPak - steerable PDM(Schlumberger)WELL PLANNING True Vertical Depth uncertainty of horizontal wells 140 ft20 ft4ftShort RadiusMedium RadiusLong radiusDIRECTIONAL CONTROL The aim is to create the appropriate side force on the bit so that the resultant force drives the bit to the desired direction DRILLING TOOLS AND METHODSDeflecting tools • Mechanical WhipstocksDRILLING TOOLS AND METHODSDeflecting tools • Mechanical Down hole motor with bent subDouble tilted universal joint housing (DTU) DRILLING TOOLS AND METHODSDeflecting tools • Hydraulic Method Jetting DRILLING TOOLS AND METHODSDrill-string considerations • For Short Radius WellsHorizontal drilling moviehttp://www.northernoil.com/drilling.phpLogging-while Drilling tools• Directional data (inclination, azimuth, tool-face)• Formation characteristics (gamma-ray, resistivity logs, etc)• Drilling parameters ( down-hole WOB, torque, rpm)Logging a horizontal well•Horizontal Well Layout© 2010 MicroSeismic. All Rights Reserved. 1000 ft2500 ftGeometry of Geosteering pt 1Type LogLWDTie PointWell PathGeosteeringFrac’ing a Well© 2010 MicroSeismic. All Rights Reserved. Hydraulic FracturingHydraulic fracturing in a wellbore. a) Vertical cross section in the plane of the fracture. b) Horizontal cross section through the fracture and wellbore. State of stress in absence of fracture and wellbore is (Sv, SH, Sh). Plexiglass FractureFracture surface in Plexiglas with fracture propagation textures (Pollard and Fletcher, 2005)Frac Parameters© 2010 MicroSeismic. All Rights Reserved. PressureSlurry RatePropantMicroseismic Monitoring of Frac Job© 2010 MicroSeismic. All Rights Reserved.7 Well FracEarthquakes scaled by magnitude© 2010 MicroSeismic. All Rights Reserved.DeepWater Horizon