Repro -- Page 1 of 5 Insights: prostate diseases cervical cancer & Pap smears inguinal hernia (p. 287; Fig. 11.18) REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS (Ch. 26) Human Anatomy lecture I. Overview A. Perineum (Fig. 26.2) -- diamond-shaped area containing external genitalia (reproductive organs) + ext. urethral orifice & anus B. Genitalia: internal & external 1. primary sex organs, or gonads – produce gametes (sex cells) testes  sperm ovaries  ova 2. secondary sex organs: ducts: store & transport accessory glands & organs II. Male Reproductive System – KNOW Fig. 26.1 A. scrotum = “bag” (Fig. 26.3) 1. outpocketing of abdominal wall 2. external location required to reduce temperature for sperm production 3. spermatic cord passes through inguinal canal in abdominal wall -~4 cm tunnel - cord contains testicular A & V, nerves, lymphatics & ductus deferens - common site of hernia: Fig. 11.18, p. 287 4. dartos & cremaster muscles allow temperature control (smooth) (skeletal) B. testes (singular = testis) 1. paired oval glands 2. develop in abdominal cavity  descend into scrotum ~ 7th month 3. covered by tunica albuginea – dense white fibrous connective tissue 4. divided into lobules 5. each lobule has 1-3 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules 6. Histology: (Fig. 26.4 & 26.6) -- sketch--Repro -- Page 2 of 5 C. Duct system --site of final maturation & storage, transport of sperm seminiferous tubules  ductus epididymis -- coiled into a comma-shaped epididymis posterior to testis (~6 m)  “testis”  ductus (vas) deferens -- not coiled; runs in spermatic cord -undergoes peristalsis during ejaculation  ejaculatory duct -- short, within prostate gland  urethra prostatic membranous -- shortest segment; through urogenital diaphragm spongy (penile) D. Accessory sex glands -- secrete bulk of semen = fluid & sperm 1. seminal vesicles (2) -elongated, paired, posterior to bladder 2. prostate (1) -single, median, spherical, at base of bladder 3. bulbourethral (2) -pea-sized, inferior to prostate -embedded in urogenital diaphragm E. Penis – KNOW Fig. 26.1b (& 26.9) - 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue : numerous blood sinuses, which fill & expand - sketch-Repro -- Page 3 of 5 III. Female reproductive system – KNOW Fig. 26.10 A. Ovaries 1. paired, flat ovals 2. firmly attached by “ligaments” in upper pelvic cavity 3. produce ova & hormones 4. histology: (Fig. 26.11) -sketch - cortex contains follicles (ovum + supporting cells) in various stages of development  endocrine portion B. uterine (Fallopian) tubes or oviducts 1. slender, 10 cm long, transport ova to uterus 2. not attached directly to ovary: distal expanded end, the infundibulum (“funnel”) has fimbriae (“fringe”) which surround ovary 3. cilia lining uterine tubes creates inward current to capture & transport ova/embryo 4. smooth muscle within wall of tube : peristalsis assists transport C. uterus (womb) 1. muscular organ superior to bladder 2. “inverted pear” ~ 7 cm long 3. maintained in position by “ligaments”: broad ligament is double fold of peritoneumRepro -- Page 4 of 5 4. Gross anatomy -- KNOW Fig. 26.12 -sketch- 5. Histology: 3 layers: “metri” = uterus -sketch-Repro -- Page 5 of 5 D. Vagina (birth canal) 1. tubular, fibromuscular organ 2. passageway for menses, fetus, penis 3. posterior to bladder, anterior to rectum 4. mucosa lined with stratified squamous epithelium -rugae allow expansion, stimulation E. Vulva (pudendum) Fig. 26.20 --external genitalia mons pubis – fatty elevation clitoris – erectile tissue; covered by prepuce external urethral orifice vaginal orifice labia majora – lateral folds, fat, hair (labium majus) labia minora – medial folds, enclose (labium minus) vestibule -- no fat, hair -- join anteriorly to form