9/11/08 1 Personality Psychology Psychology 370 Sheila K. Grant, Ph.D. Professor California State University, Northridge CHAPTER SIX HORNEY AND RELATIONAL THEORY: Interpersonal Psychoanalytic Theory Chapter Overview INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: HORNEY Basic Anxiety and Basic Hostility Three Interpersonal Orientations Moving toward People: The Self-Effacing Solution Moving against People: The Expansive Solution Moving away from People: The Resignation Solution Healthy Versus Neurotic Use of Interpersonal Orientations Major Adjustments to Basic Anxiety Eclipsing the Conflict: Moving toward or against Others Detachment: Moving away from Others The Idealized Self: Moving away from the Real Self Externalization: Projection of Inner Conflict9/11/08 2 Chapter Overview INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: HORNEY Cont. Secondary Adjustment Techniques Cultural Determinants of Development Gender Roles Cross-Cultural Differences Therapy Self-Analysis Parental Behavior and Personality Development Chapter Overview THE RELATIONAL APPROACH WITHIN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY The Sense of Self in Relationships Narcissism Attachment in Infancy and Adulthood Infant Attachment Adult Attachments and Relationships Longitudinal Studies of Attachment Parenting Therapy Preview of Horney’s Theory and Object Relations Theory9/11/08 3 Karen Horney • Born in Germany in 1885 • Authoritarian sea captain Lutheran father • Studied medicine at the University of Freiburg • Established the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute in 1920 • Moved to the US in 1932 to practice psychoanalysis • Studied Zen Buddhism • Died in 1952 Basic Anxiety and Basic Hostility BASIC ANXIETY: feeling lonely and helpless in a hostile world BASIC HOSTILITY: must be repressed for survival and security dependency fear of parents fear of loss of love Horney’s Model of Neurotic Conflict9/11/08 4 Three Interpersonal Orientations moving toward (self-effacing solution) moving against (expansive solution) moving away (resignation solution) Measurement of Interpersonal Orientation: The Cohen CAD Scale “To have something good to say about everyone seems…” [Moving Toward: Compliance Scale] “For me to have enough money or power to impress self-styled “big shots” would be…” [Moving Against: Aggression Scale] “Being free of social obligations is…” [Moving Away: Detachment Scale] MOVING TOWARD PEOPLE “the self-effacing solution” needs affection and approval needs a partner (friend; spouse; lover) undemanding and compliant lives life within narrow borders manipulative demands “poor me”; playing the martyr; the saint represses competition or dominance represses rage, anger, hostility temper tantrums9/11/08 5 MOVING AGAINST PEOPLE “the expansive solution” Machiavellian, likeable facade needs control, dominance and power exploits others self-worth derived from success and prestige chooses a partner to enhance prestige, wealth, or power identifies with the ideal self MOVING AWAY FROM PEOPLE “the solution of resignation” attitude of “I don't care about anything” emotionally flat self-sufficient; unassailable counterdependent (need to never be dependent on anyone) belittles own potential lacks goals overly sensitive to coercion or advice vacillates between despised real self and ideal self9/11/08 6 Healthy Versus Neurotic Use of Interpersonal Orientations Neurotic: overemphasizes one orientation Healthy: uses all orientations Neurotic trends disproportionate in intensity indiscriminant in application everyone must love me; I must be better than everyone; etc. disregard for reality intense anxiety if not satisfied9/11/08 7 MAJOR ADJUSTMENTS TO BASIC ANXIETY: eclipsing the conflict detachment the idealized self alienation from the real self the tyranny of the shoulds externalization SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: blind spots compartmentalizing rationalization excessive self-control arbitrary rightness elusiveness cynicism Cultural Determinants Of Development9/11/08 8 Cultural Determinants Of Development THERAPY Self-analysis personal journal Parental Behavior and Personality Development PARENTAL INDIFFERENCE: THE “BASIC EVIL” coldly indifferent may be openly hostile, rejecting the child child feels unwanted and unloved caused by the parents’ own neuroses9/11/08 9 The Relational Approach Within Psychoanalytic Theory The Relational Approach Within Psychoanalytic Theory Relational Approach Object Relations9/11/08 10 The Sense of Self in Relationships Early relationships Sense of self Narcissism Narcissistic Personality Disorder Self-esteem9/11/08 11 Attachment in Infancy and Adulthood o Infant Attachment o Adult Attachments and Relationships o Secure o Avoidant o Anxious-ambivalent o Longitudinal Studies of Attachment Ainsworth’s Description of Infant Temperament Types Compared with Horney’s Model of Interpersonal Orientations A Model of Adult Attachment Styles9/11/08 12 Parenting Emotional state Research and clinicians Therapy Opportunity for transformation of old maladaptive relationship patterns to new, healthy ones9/11/08 13 Chapter review INTERPERSONAL PSYCHOANALYSIS: HORNEY Basic Anxiety and Basic Hostility Three Interpersonal Orientations Major Adjustments to Basic Anxiety Secondary Adjustment Techniques Cultural Determinants of Development Therapy Parental Behavior and Personality Development THE RELATIONAL APPROACH WITHIN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY The Sense of Self in Relationships Narcissism Attachment in Infancy and Adulthood Parenting
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