I. Basic behavior shaping proceduresA. Types of reinforcementSecondary reinforcementB. Shaping complex behaviorsII. ExtinctionIII. PunishmentIV. Escape-AvoidanceV. ApplicationsI. Continuum of unlearned-learned behaviorsII. Characteristics of instinctual behaviorsIII. Experience and the development of instinctsIV. “Preparedness” conceptV. Components of instinctsVI. Instinctual behaviors and learned behaviorsInstinct: “A pattern of behavior, usually complex in structure, that is found universally among the members of a species*, occurs without the need for prior learning**, is relatively invariant in form, and is reliably elicited or released by a very simple stimulus.” Also called “species-specific” or “species-typical” behaviors (p. 70)Example: mating behavior in the stickleback.Example: raising of the eyebrow, imitating facial expressions (babies especially do this)Instincts must be learned! Require environmental supportThink of instincts as predispositions or biases rather than complete hard-wired, built-in, automatic behaviors.- Innate behaviors can appear in learned behaviors- Behavior is not just a product of socialization, proven by early sightings of behaviors in childrenUNLEARNED• orienting reflex• habituation, sensitization• basic reflexes• forced motor movements• response to noxious stimuli• facial expression of emotionLEARNED• arbitrary operants• operant control of instinctual behaviorsPSYC 100 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture I. Basic behavior shaping procedures A. Types of reinforcement o Secondary reinforcementB. Shaping complex behaviors II. Extinction III. Punishment IV. Escape-Avoidance V. Applications Outline of Current Lecture I. Continuum of unlearned-learned behaviors II. Characteristics of instinctual behaviorsIII. Experience and the development of instincts IV. “Preparedness” concept V. Components of instincts VI. Instinctual behaviors and learned behaviorsCurrent Lecture Instinct: “A pattern of behavior, usually complex in structure, that is found universally among the members of a species*, occurs without the need for prior learning**, is relatively invariant in form, and is reliably elicited or released by a very simple stimulus.” Also called “species-specific” or “species-typical” behaviors (p. 70)- Example: mating behavior in the stickleback.- Example: raising of the eyebrow, imitating facial expressions (babies especially dothis)- Instincts must be learned! Require environmental support- Think of instincts as predispositions or biases rather than complete hard-wired, built-in, automatic behaviors. - Innate behaviors can appear in learned behaviors - Behavior is not just a product of socialization, proven by early sightings of behaviors in children UNLEARNED • orienting reflex • habituation, sensitization • basic reflexes • forced motor movements • response to noxious stimuli • facial expression of emotion LEARNED • arbitrary operants • operant control of instinctual
View Full Document