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SKIDMORE PS 306 - PS 306 Exam 1

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ID# Exam 1 PS 306, Spring 2002You should recognize the above cartoon as a fanciful way of reminding you that the SkidmoreHonor Code is in effect. Work your way through the exam quickly and carefully, answering eachquestion as completely as you can. Show as much of your work as possible, so that you can besure of getting as much credit as possible. Don’t hesitate to comment on particular designs, etc.,even if it’s not called for explicitly in the question (some questions are implicit). I think of apoint as a minute, so you should expect to spend about 10 minutes on a 10-point question (forexample). If you spend more time on a question than it is worth, you may not be able to completethe exam. There is a class following ours, so I will collect all the exams promptly at the end ofthe allotted time. Good Luck! Have a wonderful Spring Break!1. Briefly provide an example of a nonmanipulated characteristic of a participant. Then, providea clear explanation why you could not make a causal claim about such a variable if it were usedin a study. (Be very explicit!) [5 pts]2. Hypothesis testing is essential to the research enterprise in psychology. Briefly define Type IError, Type II Error, and power. Then, tell me why power is so important (or alternatively, why aType II Error is so bad). Finally, tell me as many ways as you can to increase the power of astudy. [5 pts]3. Briefly explain why it is essential to develop an error term (MS) for the repeated measuresdesign that includes only variability due to random factors? How is it computed? [ 5 pts]4. External validity is important in some circumstances, but Mook tries to argue that it’s notparticularly important in a lot of psychological research. First of all, define external validity.Then, using at least two of the studies cited in the article, explain circumstances in which Mookargues that external validity is not important (and why he thinks that way). Finally, using a singlestudy that Mook discusses, indicate why a manipulation check would have been appropriate (orwhy a manipulation check would not have been needed). [10 pts]5. Dr. Buster Gutt believes that laughter is a good antidote to depression. To test his hypothesis,he randomly samples 20 people and asks them to wear a counter device that they press everytime they laugh during a given randomly selected day. At the end of the day of the study, hegives participants a device that tests their level of depression. Rather than use the BeckDepression Inventory, he chooses to use the less well known Degree of UnmanageableDepression Evaluation. Scores on the DUDE run from 0 (no depression) to 20 (very depressed).Dr. Gutt has analyzed his data as seen below.191.819.670.6514.234CountNum. MissingRR SquaredAdjusted R SquaredRMS ResidualRegression SummaryDepression Score vs. Times Laughing1 619.666 619.666 34.567 <.000117 304.755 17.92718 924.421DF Sum of Squares Mean Square F-Value P-ValueRegressionResidualTotalANOVA TableDepression Score vs. Times Laughing15.412 1.542 15.412 9.993 <.0001-.797 .135 -.819 -5.879 <.0001Coefficient Std. Error Std. Coeff. t-Value P-ValueInterceptTimes LaughingRegression CoefficientsDepression Score vs. Times Laughing02468101214161820Depression Score-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30Times LaughingY = 15.412 - .797 * X; R^2 = .67Regression PlotBased on these analyses, interpret his results as completely as you can. (Be explicit!) If a personlaughed 10 times a day, what would you predict that person’s DUDE score to be? If a personlaughed 20 times a day, what would you predict that person’s DUDE score to be?[Careful…think!] Based on these results, Dr. Gutt begins advising his depressed patients to laughat least 5 times each day. What might you want to say to the good doctor? [15 pts]6. Dr. Jane Picasso is a clinical psychologist interested in autism. She is convinced that autisticchildren will respond better to treatment if they are in familiar settings. To that end, sherandomly assigns 50 autistic children to treatment under 5 different conditions (Home, FamiliarOffice, Familiar Clinic, New Unfamiliar Clinic, and New Unfamiliar Office for every treatment).The children undergo treatment twice a week for one month under these conditions and are thentested on their progress using a 10-point rating scale (1=little progress and 10 = lots of progress).Below are incomplete analyses from her study. Complete the analyses and interpret the data ascompletely as you can. [15 pts]10 3.300 1.160 .36710 4.100 1.370 .43310 6.200 2.394 .75710 1.400 .516 .16310 2.800 .789 .249Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.Fam ClinicFam OfficeHomeNew OfficeUnfam ClinicMeans Table for ProgressEffect: Setting7. Dr. Ty Pest is a human factors psychologist who is interested in testing the impact of differentkeyboard layouts on typing speed. To that end, he chooses four different conditions: a normalkeyboard with normal (QWERTY) keyboard layout, a normal keyboard with the Dvorak layoutof keys (supposedly a more efficient layout), an ergonomic (split) keyboard with normalkeyboard layout, and an ergonomic (split) keyboard with the Dvorak layout of keys. He choosesas his participants secretaries who have at least 5 years of typing experience. The DV is thenumber of words per minute of typing of complex textual material in 15 minutes.Dr. Pest should use counterbalancing in his experiment, of course. What kind would he use andhow many different orders would that generate?Below are the incomplete analyses of his experiment. Complete the analyses and interpret theresults as completely as you can. [15 pts]10 74.000 11.738 3.71210 43.000 12.737 4.02810 70.500 13.006 4.11310 35.000 12.693 4.014Count Mean Std. Dev. Std. Err.Normal-QWERTYNormal-DvorakErgo-QWERTYErgo-DvorakMeans Table for KeyboardEffect: Category for


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