History 1102 The “Idea of Europe”. Concepts behind European Integration Spring Term 2005 MW 3-4:15pm CL 239 Gregor Thum DAAD visiting assistant professor 3902 Posvar Hall Tel. 412-648-7435 [email protected] Office Hours: Mon 5-6 pm & Wed 10-11 am or by appointment The course introduces the ‘idea of Europe’ in the 20th century – the hope to overcome the self-destructive wars among European nations and to stop Europe’s economic decline by creating a commonwealth of European states. In the first half of the 20th century a United States of Europe seemed naive, but in the aftermath of World War II and under the impact of the Cold War the European idea led to the most successful regional integration in the world. This course deals with the history of European integration and the different, often conflicting ideas behind this complicated process. Unlike most books and courses on the topic, this course will also take the developments and experiences of the first half of the 20th century into consideration. Besides giving an overview of the ideas and political decisions since 1914 that eventually led to the emergence of the European Union, special attention will be paid to the problem of identity: Does the EU forge a common “European identity” among its citizens, and what does it look like? What are the means used by the EU and European intellectuals to create such an identity? Should we talk about a European nation building process comparable to the nation-buildings of the 19th century? How are the borders of Europe defined, who is included, and who is excluded? What consequences might this identity-building have for the future relations with “non-European” states like the USA? The course is organized around lectures, readings and discussions, with a strong emphasis on discussion. The reading list consists of two textbooks and additional articles and documents that can be downloaded from the PITTCat Course Reserve. Students are expected to fulfill the reading assignments, and should be prepared to discuss them in class. Since this course tries to make a connection between history and current affairs of European Integration, students are also expected before class to check the website “www.euobserver.com” for political news related to topics discussed in class. Beyond that they are responsible for: • one essay paper (6-8 pages, 1.5 space) on a topic of their choice, but related to the issues discussed in class. The paper will only be accepted if it was discussed in advance during office hours (not later than February 23), and if it includes a title, footnotes and a bibliography citing the literature used. The paper is due on March 23. • a final examination. The exam consists of take home questions with essay answers written in the classroom.2Grades are based on following distribution: research paper (60%), final exam (40%). Active participation in the classroom discussions may have a positive effect on a student's overall grade.3Required books: de Giustino, David. 1996. A Reader in European Integration. London, New York: Longman Dinan, Desmond. 2004. Europe Recast. A History of the European Union. Boulder, London: Lynne Rienner. All additional readings can be downloaded on PITT Cat, Course Reserve (password: “Brussels”). Further readings: On the European integration: McCormick, John. Understanding the European Union. A Concise Introduction. 2 ed, 2002. Gower, Jackie, ed. 2002. European Union Handbook. 2nd ed. London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers Stirk, Peter M.R. 1996. A History of European Integration since 1914. London: Pinter. Urwin, Derek. 1995. The Community of Europe. A History of the European Integration since 1945. New York: Longman. On the history of Europe in the 20th century in general: Black, Cyril Edwin, et.al. 1999. Rebirth. A Political History of Europe Since World War II. 2 ed. Boulder, CA: Westview Press. Gilbert, Felix, and David Clay Large. 2002. The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present. 5th ed. New York: W W Norton & Co. Mazower, Mark. 1998. Dark Continent. Europe's Twentieth Century. New York: Vintage Paxton, Robert O. 2005. Europe in the Twentieth Century. 5th updated ed. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College Publishers. Urwin, Derek W. 1997. A Political History of Western Europe since 1945. 5 ed. London, New York: Longman. On how to write a research paper (this book I strongly recommend to purchase) Booth, Wayne C., Gregory Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams. 2003. The Craft of Research. 2 ed. Chicago. Important Internet Resources: www.europa.eu.int Official homepage of the European Union www.euobserver.com Daily updated news on European politics, based on information from different European newspapers4 Jan 5 What is "Europe"? Introduction Jan 10 Europe - back on stage? o Jeremy Rifkin. 2004. The Quiet Economic Miracle, In: The European Dream. New York: Penguin, pp. 58-85 Jan 12 What is "Europe"? Facts and perceptions o Hugh Seton-Watson. 1985. What is Europe, where is Europe? Encounter 65 (2), 9-17 Jan 19 How to write a research paper o Two exemplary research papers Jan 24 Concepts for a united Europe Naumann's Mitteleuropa - A German Europe or a European Germany? o Doc.: Friedrich Naumann. 1917. Partnership in the War and the Results. In: Central Europe. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1-34 (Chapter I) Jan 26 Failed federalism - the European Idea in the interwar period o Peter M.R. Stirk. 1996. Between Pan-Europa and Mitteleuropa, In: A History of European Integration since 1914. London: Pinter, 18-50 o Doc.: Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi. 1926. Pan-Europe. New York: Alfred Knopf, xi-xix & 3-21 o Doc.: Aristide Briand (1929), in: de Giustino, 10-15 Jan 31 Nazi Europe - predecessor of European integration? o Michael Salewski. 1985. Ideas of the National Socialist Government and Party. In: Documents on the History of European Integration. Berlin, ed. by Walter Lipgens. New York: Walter de Gruyter, Vol. 1, 37-54 o Doc.: Joseph Goebbels, The Europe of the Future (September 1940), in: op.cit., 73-76 o Doc.: Hans Frohwein. Basic Elements of a Plan for the New Europe (June 1943. In: de Giustino, 16-21 Feb 2 The European dreams of the resistance movement o Mark Mazower. 1998. Blueprints for the Golden Age. In: The Dark Continent. Europe's Twentieth Century. New York: Vintage, 182-211 o Doc.: Draft Declaration of the Geneva conference of resistance fighters (1944) in: de