CELLULAR RESPIRATIONENERGETICSORIGIN OF ENERGYSlide 4Slide 5REQUIREMENTS OF RESPIRATIONSlide 7STARTING MATERIALMANY REACTIONS REQUIRE AN INPUT OF ENERGYSlide 10Slide 11CATYLSTS INCREASE RATES OF REACTIONCATYLSTS INCREASE RATES OF REACTIONSlide 14Slide 15MOLECULAR HELPERSOXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONSCELLULAR RESPIRATION IS A SERIES OF REDOX REACTIONSCELLULAR RESPIRATIONHow Cells Obtain Energy To Sustain LifeENERGETICSLife Requires Energy!ORIGIN OF ENERGY•Nearly all energy for life on earth comes from sunlight•Energy in sunlight is captured by photo synthesisTHE BIG PICTURECELLULAR RESPIRATION•The physical act of breathing and the process of cellular respiration share reactants and productsREQUIREMENTS OF RESPIRATION•Cellular Respiration Requires:CCCCCCHHOHHHHHHOOHOHOHOH123456CH2OHCCCCCOHOHHOHHHOHHOH654321STARTING MATERIAL FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATIONSTARTING MATERIALGlucose: •All cells must break C-bonds in glucose to release energy•Energy stored in bondsMANY REACTIONS REQUIRE AN INPUT OF ENERGY•Many Reactions in Cells are Not SpontaneousMANY REACTIONS REQUIRE AN INPUT OF ENERGYATPEnergyADPWaterP PPP PPiInorganicphosphate+H2O+ +7.3 kcal/molATPHYDROLYSIS OF ATP RELEASES ENERGYBonds in ATP hold significant amount of energy! MANY REACTIONS REQUIRE AN INPUT OF ENERGYCATYLSTS INCREASE RATES OF REACTION•Even with enough energy, there is no guarantee rxns will proceed at a suitable speedCATYLSTS INCREASE RATES OF REACTIONLock & KeyModel:•Substrate fits into enzyme like a key fits into a lock•Enzyme then catalyzes the chemical reaction and releases the productsSubstrate Enzyme Substrate (Key) Enzyme (Lock)A B —CA B CA— B CShape changeLOCK & KEY MODEL OF ENZYME AND SUBSTRATECATYLSTS INCREASE RATES OF REACTIONCATYLSTS INCREASE RATES OF REACTIONEnzymes:MOLECULAR HELPERS Two Molecules Help Cell Respiration Proceed:•Carry (and store) high energy electrons •Later transfer energy to other moleculesOXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONSOxidation = Reduction =OILRIGCELLULAR RESPIRATION IS A SERIES OF REDOX REACTIONSIn Cellular Respiration:• Oxidation of C in glucose tied to reduction of other molecules