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THE INTERNETDigital Subscriber Line (DSL) ProvidersNetscape NavigatorMicrosoft Internet ExplorerMozilla (www.mozilla.org) FireFox Browser (free download)THE INTERNETFor Windows 95/98/NT/2000/Me/XP operating systems:THE INTERNET : A Brief HistoryBackground:1969 -- DEFENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY (DARPA) & THE RAND CORP. DECIDED TO BUILD THE ARPANET (3 host computers in California, 1 in Utah)PURPOSE: SURVIVABLE COMMUNICATIONS IN A NUCLEAR ENVIRONMENT.INTERNET FUNCTIONS:- BUSINESS ( eCommerce)- E-MAIL (thru ISPs & Online Service Providers (OSPs)  (AOL, MSN))- September 2002: 31 Billion emails per day; By 2005: 60 Billion emails per day- Wireless Service Providers (WSPs) SprintPCS & GoAmerica Communications- FILE TRANSFERS (FTP)  UPLOADS & DOWNLOADS- REMOTE COMPUTING (TELNET PROTOCOL) (SUPERCOMPUTER ACCESS )- DISCUSSION GROUPSINTERNET USAGE: (Very Rapid Growth)1999 171 Million Users 2000 304 Million Users2003 500 Million Users 2005 950 Million Users JULY 2002: Over 550 Billion Web Pages on the Internet !!! Growing at a rate of 7.3 million documents per day !!!GROWTH OF World Wide Web (WWW) sites on the Internet: Aug 1981 213 Host computers (nodes) July 1992 992,000 Host computers Jan 1995 4,852,000 Host computers Jan 1996 9,472,000 Host computers Jul 1997 19,540,000 Host computersJan 2003 > 150,000,000 Host computersMonthly Growth is about 20 percent per month !!! 78 % of all Web sites are in English; 51% of all users are English-speaking.“On the Internet” means that there is a listing for a hostname and IP address on a name server.The machine ( a computer) does not actually have to exist, but by virtue of its mention on a name server, it is counted. “On the Internet” also can mean that the machine is both listed on a name server and is responding to ‘ping’, an Internet utility to determine if a machine is on and connected to the network. This excludes machines that are behind security firewalls (software & hardware)THE INTERNET IS A PACKET SWITCHING NETWORK.SPEEDS: T1 1.5 MEGABITS PER SECOND OC3 Optical Fiber Link is 155 MbpsT3 44 MEGABITS PER SECONDATM 600 MEGABITS PER SECOND (Note: ATM stands for Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Also: ISDN: 128 Kbps & Cable Modems (1.5 Mbps) ADSL (1.5 Mbps to 8 Mbps) Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (2 types)THE INTERNETCOMMUNICATIONS PROTOCOLS FOR THE INTERNET:TCP/IP TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOLFTP FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOLHTTP HYPERTEXT TRANSPORT PROTOCOLTELNET COMMUNICATION BETWEEN YOUR COMPUTER AND A REMOTE HOSTSMTP SIMPLE MAIL TRANSPORT PROTOCOLSSH Secure SHell TelnetInternet Service Providers (ISP) The Internet Backbone Example: Earthlink.com, Erols.com, Netzero.net, Starpower.net, Juno.com Cable-Modem Providers: Comcast Online Communications www.comcast.com Cox Communications www.cox.com/fairfax Millennium Digital Media www.cablespeed.com/md Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Providers CompUSnet Internet Solutions www.compusnet.com Verizon Online www.verizononline.com Types of connections: (Versions of TCP/IP protocol) SLIP -- Serial Line Interface Protocol (Dial-up connections) PPP -- Point-to-Point Protocol (Faster, supported by most Windows Operating Systems) Internet Browsers & Search Engines:Netscape Navigator Microsoft Internet Explorer Mozilla (www.mozilla.org) FireFox Browser (free download) Search Engines:Google.comYahoo.comWebcrawler.comLycos.comAltavista.comExcite!AskJeeves.comInternet Addresses: (Examples) Universal Resource Locators (URLs)http://www.netscape.com “http” means “hyper text transfer protocol”http://www.yahoo.comhttp://www.webcrawler.comhttp://www.lycos.comhttp://www.altavista.comTHE INTERNET Download pathnames (example(s))ftp://ftp.course.com/course/updates/mscdex.exe Course Technology Inc (to download a new Microsoft CD ROM driver program)Internet Top Level Domains:Original (6) domains: .COM COMMERICAL BUSINESSES.ORG NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.NET NETWORKS.EDU EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.GOV GOVERNMENT.MIL MILITARY Seven (7) newer Internet top level domains: (First announced April 1997).FIRM BUSINESSES OR FIRMS.STORE BUSINESSES OFFERING GOODS.INFO INFORMATION SERVICES.NOM FOR PEOPLE WANTING PERSONAL WEB SITES.ARTS CULTURAL GROUPS.REC RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.WEB ENTITIES ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)And … seven (7) more Internet Top Level domain names (November 17, 2000)They were approved by ICANN, Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers .AERO.BIZ.COOP.INFO.MUSEUM.NAME.PROIPv6August 2004: Vinton Cerf, chairman of the board at ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers), announced that Internet Protocol Version 6 IPv6) is available for any organization that wants to implement it.Roughly two-thirds of the currently available 4.3 billion IP addresses under IPv4 are already in use, but the new architecture will increase that number by 25,000 x trillion x trillion. That is, 25 x 10**27 Internet addresses.IPv4 uses 32-bit addressing. IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses.TRACERT Utility Program (see next slide)For Windows 95/98/NT/2000/Me/XP operating systems:If you would like to see the route your computer takes to go to a particular Web site on the Internet, try the following:While connected to the Internet, do this:Click Start,Click RunType tracert www.nvcc.edu (or the Web site address you want)Press EnterThe tracert (“trace route”) utility displays each hop or step along the way.For Windows XP users, click Start,


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