Emissions of Greenhouse Gasesin the United States 2005ContactsPrefaceExecutive Summary1. U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases:Background and Context2. Carbon Dioxide Emissions3. Methane Emissions4. Nitrous Oxide Emissions5. Other Gases: Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons,and Sulfur Hexafluoride6. Land-Use IssuesReferencesRelated LinksGlossaryDOE/EIA-0573(2005)Emissions of Greenhouse Gasesin the United States 2005November 2006Energy Information AdministrationOffice of Integrated Analysis and ForecastingU.S. Department of EnergyWashington, DC 20585This report was prepared by the Energy Information Administration, the independent statistical andanalytical agency within the Department of Energy. The information contained herein should beattributed to the Energy Information Administration and should not be construed as advocating orreflecting any policy position of the Department of Energy or of any other organization.ContactsThis report, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the UnitedStates 2005, was prepared under the general directionof John Conti, Director of the Office of Integrated Analy-sis and Forecasting, Energy Information Administra-tion. General questions concerning the content of thisreport may be directed to the National Energy Informa-tion Center at 202/586-8800.Specific technical information concerning the contentof the report may be obtained from Perry Lindstromat 202/586-0934 (e-mail, [email protected]).Without the assistance of Science Applications Inter-national Corporation this report would not have beenpossible. In particular we would like to thank NancyChecklick, Keith Forbes, Michael Mondshine, BrennenWalsh, Isabel Deluca, and Sarah Mudd-Simmons.The authors would also like to express their gratitude toall the people who provided information or commentson this report. In particular, Mark Schipper of EIA’sOffice of Energy Markets and End Use provided surveydata and analysis from the 2002 Manufacturing EnergyConsumption Survey; and Stan Kaplan of EIA’s Office ofCoal, Nuclear, Electric and Alternate Fuels providedelectric power sector data and analysis. We also thankLeif Hockstad of the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency for expediting valuable comments on the draftreport.ii Energy Information Administration / Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2005Specific questions about the report should be referred to the following analysts:Executive Summary. . . . . . . . Paul McArdle ([email protected], 202/586-4445)Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul McArdle ([email protected], 202/586-4445)Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perry Lindstrom ([email protected], 202/586-0934)Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perry Lindstrom ([email protected], 202/586-0934)Chapter 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen Calopedis ([email protected], 202/586-1156)Chapter 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stephen Calopedis ([email protected], 202/586-1156)Chapter 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paul McArdle ([email protected], 202/586-4445)PrefaceTitle XVI, Section 1605(a) of the Energy Policy Act of1992 (enacted October 24, 1992) provides:Not later than one year after the date of the enactmentof this Act, the Secretary, through the Energy Informa-tion Administration, shall develop, based on dataavailable to, and obtained by, the Energy InformationAdministration, an inventory of the national aggregateemissions of each greenhouse gas for each calendaryear of the baseline period of 1987 through 1990. TheAdministrator of the Energy Information Administra-tion shall annually update and analyze such inventoryusing available data. This subsection does not provideany new data collection authority.The first report in this series, Emissions of GreenhouseGases 1985-1990, was published in September 1993. Thisreport—the fourteenth annual report—presents theEnergy Information Administration’s latest estimates ofemissions for carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide,and other greenhouse gases. Most of these estimates arebased on activity data and applied emissions factors andnot on measured or metered emissions. A limited num-ber of emissions estimates, such as for methane fromcoal mine ventilation, are obtained through directmeasurement.Energy Information Administration / Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2005 iiiFor this report, data on coal and natural gas consumption and electricity sales and losses by sector were obtainedfrom the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA’s) October 2006 Monthly Energy Review. Additional detailedinformation on petroleum consumption was obtained from unpublished material in support of the Monthly EnergyReview. Electric power sector emissions were obtained from data underlying EIA’s Electric Power Annual. In keepingwith current international practice, this report presents data on greenhouse gas emissions in million metric tonscarbon dioxide equivalent. The data can be converted to carbon equivalent units by multiplying times 12/44.ContentsExecutive Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix1. U.S. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases: Background and Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1About This Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1What’s New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1U.S. Emissions in a Global Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2The Greenhouse Effect and Global Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Current U.S. Climate Change Initiatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5International Developments in Global Climate Change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …