BIOLOGY 263, SUMMER 2009 MIDTERM EXAMINATION LABORATORY SECTION Name Date: Hypothesis Evaluation. Is there statistically significant support for each hypothesis? 1. Hypothesis: The number of bacterial species will be greater in mowed areas associated with mowed lawns than in unmowed grassy areas areas in eastern Colorado. Data: Mean species richness per 200μl of 1:1000 diluted soil water in unmowed areas = 11.4, Mean species richness per 200μl of 1:1000 diluted soil water in mowed areas = 12.7, p-value = 0.042 Circle one: Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis Rejected Briefly explain: 2. Hypothesis: Common mallow, Malva neglecta, is more common in sunny than shaded areas. Data: Mean # of Medicago sativa plants per m2 in sunny areas = 13.5, Mean # of Medicago sativa plants per m2 in shaded areas = 17.2 p-value = 0.055 Circle one: Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis Rejected Briefly explain: 3. Hypothesis = There following population is undergoing evolution with respect to gene “A”. Data: Observed numbers with each genotype = 10AA 80Aa 10aa Expected numbers with each genotype = ____________________Å Put expected #s here (use 1 decimal place) p-value = 0.0001 Circle one: Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis Rejected Briefly explain: Definitions. Define each BIOLOGICAL term from THIS LABORATORY in an accurate, concise, and lucid manner. 1. Allele frequency: 2. Negative control group: 3. Petiole: 4. Population: 5. Species richness:Data Manipulation, Data Analysis, & Experimental Design. Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. 1. Given the following data from a small, reproductively isolated, constant-sized population, a) calculate the allele and genotype frequencies for the indicated time periods. Fill in the open boxes in the table. b) Create a properly labeled graph of the allele frequency of one of the alleles (NOT both) over time. c) Briefly propose a plausible population genetic/evolutionary explanation for what you see happening (or not happening) to the allele and genotype frequencies over time. individuals Genotype frequencies Allele frequencies gener-ations BB Bb bb BB Bb bb B b 0 25 50 25 5 25 35 40 10 20 35 45 15 10 45 50 20 0 40 60 2. Use the following four gels on which are shown C and c alleles (all individuals are from the same population) to identify the number with each genotype. wells b B Observed Genotypes:__________________________________3. Create a phylogenetic tree based on the followings set of data. Be certain to indicate derived characteristics (Synapomorphies) on the tree. feathers foot anatomy penis cheek bone vocaliz-ations ostrich present flat present robust simple duck present flat present slender simple crow present perching absent slender complex sparrow present perching absent slender complex alligator - OUTGROUP absent flat present robust simple 4. Study Design. Use the space below to design a simple but rigorous experiment to test the hypothesis that bacterial species richness would be greater in soil in shaded areas than in sunny areas. A. Briefly describe how you would design the study to test this hypothesis. (What would you do and what would you use?) What quantitative (numerical) data you would gather and how? (6%) B. State the type of graph you would use to display your data and the type of statistical test you would use. (2%) Laboratory Practical Stations. Answer the questions at each station. 1. a. 2. a. b.